Monday, June 3, 2019

Different Types Of Faults and Viruses Essay

Different Types Of Faults and Viruses EssayIn todays modern society the use of technology is vastly increasing. applied science is progressively becoming a obligatory system that we use in e actu solelyyday life whether thats using laptops, phones or info processing systems, we use these types of gizmos primary(prenominal)ly due to the farfetched attend technology countenances such the dissimilar types of applications and also the well known profits. Statistics suggest that laptops and data processors argon a very common type of technological device than any other gadget main(prenominal)ly due to its stability, capacity, simplicity, and portability.Having a computer requires a lot of care computers whitethorn come across different types of faults which abide be time consuming and frustrating to endure. there are several symptoms a computer/laptop nates experience when being under curse such has non being able to download anything, very slow browsing or computer wont come on but this commode be avoided by installing firewalls/anti-virus packet.P3 Different types of faultsViruses-Viruses are very common in interrupting a computer while it is used in an activity of nearly sought, Viruses inflict damage by multiplying its self on to a nonher class without the exploiters allowance which consequently results in the virus doing anything it wants such as destroying a programme and downloading inappropriate content. A virus stomach occur by surfing a non- trustworthy site, opening spam institutionalize or clicking on forge adverts. A typical virus would mainly opening the hard drive of a computer which can result in deleting important information/data. There are many viruses that can penetrate a computer such as macro viruses, File infectors etc.Error messaging-Error messages imply that a computer has rejected a certain demand that a user has reappearanced for a particular(prenominal) reason, for example when trying to load or save files yo u whitethorn get an out of memory communion box, or when trying to access websites the computer may respond with an access denied dialogue box.Loss of service-Loss of service is a certain malfunction while trying performing an operation. Example of Loss of service can be failure in accessing the internet or the system shutting down, or a certain component of the computer is not responding such as the printer, scanner, unable to share resources with other computers or that you cannot move with other computers.Poor performance-Poor performance is the slow response from the system such as on the internet a certain webpage may bring forth a long time to load or a computer is unable to obey a specific command.In my opinion the internet is the around successful and useful resource in order to find a dissolvent for faults because the internet has unlimited data so if you were looking for information the internet go away al just about guarantee you a worthy find.How to resolve these faultsViruses Viruses can damage your system in many ways, shape or form, you should contact a help desk in which you will be consulted by an experienced technician if not then visiting forums where people are in the same situation can help, FAQS (frequently asked questions). Another solution can be downloading anti software or firewalls such as Norton. If you are determined to succeed without having to invest then you may consider opening up the computer and trying to adjust the issue.FAQLoss of service A certain component of a computer may not be functioning e.g. scanner, if this issue occurs the user should refer to the manual given with the scanner at purchase or looking at informative books on a possible solution, or maybe reading trouble shooting guides, you may need to contact your manufacturer for assistance.Error messages- This type of fault is very frequent when trying to perform a grouchy procedure, reading trouble shooting guides may be helpful, reading manuals upon th e issue or maybe notifying a technician.Poor performance a computer may take a long time to load an application such as the internet a user should contact the local administrator for assistance.When buying a computer a user should always wangle sure they have the essential tract to adjust faults such as having firewalls and antivirus software etc, and they should always have the links on where to go if these types of problems occurP4- Source technical information to provide advice and counsel for a variety of faults.Viewing different sources of information can always help to find a solution to different types of faults, when buying a computer you should consider analyzing what the computer does, its security etc. A user is always given instruction manuals at purchase which are very important because a user may find out how to solve the problems they are having such as poor performance. Alternatively if a manual does solve the issue then a user should consider other options. Below are explanations of each type of sources of informationSources of technical informationFAQs Frequently asked questions or FAQs is an online source which lists the most common questions and answers that are based on a problematic situation. FAQs can be written concerning any subject, they are written by users who have fail some sought of an expert in a particular field which they have been in themselves in which they have found the solution.Fault records it keeps a indicate of all of the faults that occur, it includes when a fault occurs, why it occurred what do to do solve it.Specialist expertise an expert can be the best source to recuperate a fault because they can gain a better understanding when they have visual indication and then they can solve the issue.substance abuser manuals The main purpose of user manuals which can also be known as user guide is to provide assistance and clarity when using a particular system, object or item. The information a manual supplies is usua lly written by a professional technological writer.Technical forums Technical forums can be known as an online conversation between different users regarding a specific issue they have experienced. This can be an efficient manner when finding a solution because there are millions of internet users throughout the world so you are bound to find someone who has had the same issue and that you can desire advice and help from them but you can come across answers that may be biased.Product specification A product specification consists of a document that includes the sensible material that will be used to make this product, and all the required characteristicsIf a users computer fails to operate, viewing FAQs can help and actually going to the prescribed company of your computer can help, manufacture lend a major hand in going in to depth with these issues. For example if you have a Compaq laptop or computer and are experiencing difficulties such as faults you can contact the company on their website and compensate them about this particular situation. http//www.compaq.com/cpq-country/uk/en/cpq_support.html.A computer is almost guaranteed to experience poor performance once which is when a web page does not load or that something is not loading. When a users computer lacks speed it is best to notify a professional technician to make adjustments to the system or possibly upgrading your computer can increase speed. Since my computer is from the company Compaq I would use this source of information on how to increase speed/clearing any junk off the system, http//www.compaq.com/country/articles/index.html.Browsing sites, opening spam mail can occasionally allow viruses to enter the system mainly the hard drive which can result in deleting important data. Re booting the system can be an option if a user does not want antivirus software but this action may result in data being deleted. Downloading antivirus software or firewalls are the biggest help to defend against viruses. A common anti virus software used by many can be Norton since they provide outstanding protection against spyware and virus programs. http//us.norton.com/antivirus.Loss of service can be very time consuming and costly if a device of your computer does not work such as printer. A solution can be reading the manual you got with the device at purchase, contacting a specialist or maybe opening up the device yourself and trying to solve the issue. The best solution can be contacting the manufacturer of your computer and inform them.Error message dialogue boxes are often displayed when you try to perform a certain operation, there are different types of phrases which show an error message has occurred such as access denied and File not found. Reading trouble shooting guides can help, open user forums, but in a different scenario, if you are using a Microsoft application and it fails to obey your demand, you may come across a send error report dialogue box in which you can actual ly address Microsoft regarding this issue, I believe this is the best cure if you are experiencing these type of faults with Microsoft.But when experiencing error messages while using windows, I believe this source of information may be able to satisfy a users needs. http//en.kioskea.net/faq/113-windows-error-codes-and-how-to-fix-themP5 and P6 Use different communication routes to provide advice and guidance, respond to end users.Communication is a vital ingredient call for in everyday life, lack of communication can disrupt many people/ organizations in their bid to achieve to their full potential. Communication is a method primarily used to distribute information for a certain purpose whether that can be physically, orally, verbally etc communication can deliver a users factual material, opinions, theory, predictions through to the public. The most common methods of communicating can be through telephones, email and face to face.Communication can be categorized into three main c ategories which are telephone, email and face to faceCommunication passing through telephone can be known as verbal communication, because as a technician a user is not visible through the telephone but words are still used to communicate with the user. It is easy to distribute information through telephone because a user can hear your advice on how to address a specific issue, but through this process there are many issues that a user and technician can encounter such as connection failure and loss of signal. In some cases communication via telephone will not help due to the user having only some degree of knowledge on how to solve an issue. This therefore concludes that it is best for a technician to tackle the offspring themselves.Communication through face to face talking can also be known as verbal communication. This type of communication is a more efficient method of solving an issue than any other because a user can show visually the full extent of the issue. A user can gi ve an in-depth insight regarding the problem through talking face to face. This type of communication enables the technician to gain a visual and physical understanding of the issue e.g. printer not connecting, which then can lead to technician taking away the computer and addressing the subject. Below is an example of a face to face conversationUser helloTechnician Hi, so what is the issue regarding your computer?User I installed a certain programme on my computer (Microsoft word older version) and it seems to keep frost every often, it keeps saying not respondingTechnician do you use your computer very often if so how long?User yes I use my computer for all sorts of studies and also my nephews play a lot of computer games on the PC.Technician first of all if your nephews are playing on the computer, always make sure you end the game windows because this can take up the processing power, memory or maybe even try uninstalling them because they can contain harmful viruses. And also make sure that the software you are using is compatible with your windows. Confirm that your PC holds the minimum requests for the software you are using for example the base score of your computer must exceed the software score, if it barely exceeds the software this may cause your computer software to be erratic, the following link describes the base score for a computer and how to match a specific software you would like to use. http//windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/What-is-the-Windows-Experience-IndexUser Thank you very much for your help, I believe if have found the solution to my issueEmail communication is a written type of communication which demonstrates an issue through a written document. This type of communication media is very different from the others because the user or technician does not have the benefit of voice modulation nor can the recipient receive any form of visual indication, providing the user with a source of technical information may not be certified to use can be an issue, when emailing a user should always be specific about the issue they are enduring if not then a response from a technician can provide information best suited for a different problem.End users query concerning a faultA technicians reply regarding the faultFAQWhy does my computer freeze overtime?What do i do to clean my system?How often should I clean my system?Why cant i run more than 3 applications at once? cultivation for technicians reply obtained from http//www.microsoft.com/atwork/maintenance/speed.aspxhttp//cobweb2.louisville.edu/faculty/regbruce/bruce//mgmtwebs/commun_f98/Verbal.htmhttp//www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000528.htmBottom of Formhttp//windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/What-is-the-Windows-Experience-Index

Sunday, June 2, 2019

Change Through Thought- American Romantics and Radicals Essay -- Histo

Change Through Thought- American Romantics and RadicalsMany of the American romantics and radicals seek to inspire deviate through thought before action. First, Ralph Waldo Emerson promoted his ideas on the importance of temperament and self-reliance. Second, Henry David Thoreau demonstrated his ideas on civil disobedience as well as sustainable independent living. Third, Margaret Fuller promoted her ideas of female equality. Fourth, Frederick Douglass showed a side of slavery that had not been seen before. Finally, Walt Whitmans new style of writing spayd writing and perceptions of America. None of these concourse promoted neighboring(a) change. Instead, they all inspired and promoted thought about their various topics, and hoped, through thought, that there would be change. In one of Emersons initial writings, Nature, written in 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson suggests that people should look at the world differently, compared to how they normally did. He believes that there i s more to nature than meets the eye. His writings presented the idea that Naturewas less a spectacle to be seen that it was a text to be read (Myerson 124). One needed to interpret nature to be able to live a true life. In order to do this Emerson recommends the idea of the eye. He says that In the woods, we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life, no disgrace, no calamity, (leaving me my eyes,) which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a gossamer eye-ball I am nothing I see all the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me I am part or tinge of God. The name of... ...d the way people see things, and list things. He repeated over and over again situations that made everybody equal to each other. He was a revolutionary, and he did all this without directly addressing the issue. He inspired people to think a bout these issues and he let them find the answers. These people all brought about change in the United States, and they all did this through their influence of thought. We would be nowhere today without these revolutionaries of change.Works CitedDouglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. New York Oxford, 1987.Myerson, Joel, ed. Transcendentalism A Reader. New York Oxford University Press, 2000.Thoreau, Henry David. Walden and Civil Disobedience. New York Signet Classics, 1999.Warner, Michael, ed. The Portable Walt Whitman. New York Penguin Books, 2004.

Saturday, June 1, 2019

Cesar Chavez Essays -- Civil Rights, Labor, Chavez, farm workers

One of the greatest civil rights activists of our time cardinal who believed the ways of Gandhi and Martin Luther King that violence push aside only hurt us and our cause (Cesar Chavez) a quiet, devoted, small catholic man who had nothing just like those he help fight for one of Americas most influential labor leaders of the late twentieth century (Griswold del Castillo) and one who became the most important Mexican-American leader in the history of the United States (Ender). Cesar Chavez an American farm worker, who would soon become the labor leader that led to numerous improvements for union workers it is recorded that Chavez was born near Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927 and died on April 23, 1993 in San Luis, Arizona. (Wikipedia) His life affected many others as his unselfish deeds changed the labor union force forever. This essay will discuss the reasons Cesar Chavez became involved in Union rights, the immediate impact he had, and also the legacy he left behind with his acti ons that influenced American society.There are many reasons why Chavez became spokesperson of the movement, but the major reason was his childhood. It is noted that Cesar Chavez was one of five children born to Librado Chavez and Juana Estrada who were farmers. As a child in Arizona, he grew up nourished by the values of his family and his rural Mexican-American community. His mother taught him the importance of non-violence and self-sacrifice and his grandmother impressed upon his the values of the Catholic faith. And as a child, he experienced racial contrariety in school. (Griswold del Castillo) Chavez quit school after the eighth grade to work full-time in the fields. His grandfather had homesteaded some 112 acres that the family soon lost because of t... ... Richard. Cesar Estrada Chavez.The Scribner cyclopaedia of American Lives, Vol 3 1991-1993. Charles Scribners Sons, 2001. Reproduced in annals Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014 Jusko, Adam. Cesar Chavez. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014Ramakrishnan, Karthick S. Cesar Estrada Chavez. polished Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014Russell, Dennis. Cesar Chavez. St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. 5 vols. St. James Press, 2010. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014

Friday, May 31, 2019

Abortion: Common Ground Must Be Found Essay -- abortion, argumentativ

Consider for a moment a society in which there ar no rules or laws. A society in which everyone is allowed to do what they please whenever they feel like it without any consequences. The world would be in a state of chaos. In order to maintain order and implement laws we go for a set of morals to judge what actions are permissible and which are not. Through evaluating their actions and the outcomes of these actions, humans begin to develop morals. However, to fully understand the consequences one moldiness first claim responsibility for her actions. The moral validity of abortion does not depend on the status of the unborn as a person, when life begins-whether it is conception, birth, or sometime between-or religious beliefs. The permission of abortion contradicts the very definition and purpose of morality and the right to privacy.The United States International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo in 1994, recognized unsafe abortion as a major public heal th concern. The World Health Organization estimates that about 75,000 women endure each year from unskilled abortions. Damage to womens health and the burden of care that falls on often scarce hospital resources also come to the costly impact of poorly performed abortions on public health systems. Abortions are usually performed without adequate skill because of laws that make safe, medically performed abortion services unlawful. at heart the last two centuries, and particularly during the twentieth century, abortion has been criminalized. It was only in the closing decades of the last century that laws film recognized womens needs and rights to have access to safe abortion services. Historically many customary laws condemned the interruption of pregnancy, wheth... ...that its not easy. Instead I think that there should be more(prenominal) awareness brought about to young woman that consider it, maybe classes be completed before the procedure is done informing them on the risk s that are macrocosm taken and the other alternatives that are available out there. I feel that if God can forgive than the people should too.Human rights laws are increasingly give priority to womens health, dignity, and capacity as the principal decision makers over their own reproduction. Countries whose laws criminalize abortion and compromise womens health and welfare are facing louder calls for reform. To counter this, conservative governments and religious authorities support restrictive laws and urge more prohibitions against abortions. I just hope that one day that both(prenominal) sides can come to an agreement upon this issue that divides the American people into two.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

South Carolina Correction Facilities :: essays research papers

South Carolina Correction FacilitiesCorrections are a necessary tool to nourish society from those who do harm to others or to others property. Depending on the flake of crime that was committed, and if the crime is considered a democracy or federal charge, also depends on where the psyche sentenced will do his time. There are four of import sentencing options available prison, probation, probation and confinement, and prison and community split. When a soulfulness is sentenced to do their time in prison most likely they will go to a read or federal prison. If a person is ordered probation, it prevents them from going to jail but they consider stipulations on their probation. This is called intermediate sanctions, which are the various new correctional options used as adjuncts to and part of probation. Some intermediate sanctions include restitution, fines, day fines, community service, intensive supervised probation, abode arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock incarce ration.If a person is sentenced to do time, that person could be sentenced to a county jail up to a maximum protective covering prison. In South Carolina, most county jails or Detention Centers offer an average population of approximately 100 county inmates depending on the size of the county and the jail itself. Inmates serving sentences in county jails are ordered by the Magistrate or General Sessions courts for non-violent offenses. The inmates unremarkably serve terms less than one year. The inmates prepare meals in the center kitchen for inmates at the installing and for persons awaiting trial in the county jail. The inmates can also work at county buildings doing janitorial work, doing yard maintenance in various parts of the county, or picking up bedding material along the roads and highways.If a person is sentenced to a state prison, depending on the crime, that person could be sent to one of S.C. Department of Corrections twenty-nine prisons which are categorized into fo ur distinct gage levels community-based pre-release/work centers (level 1A), token(prenominal) security (level 1B), medium security (level 2) and high security (level 3). The architectural design of the institution, type of housing, running(a) procedures, and the level of security staffing determine an institutions security level. Inmates are assigned to institutions to meet their specific security, programming, medical, educational, and work requirements.Level 1-A facilities are community-based pre-release/work centers that house minimum-security non-violent inmates who are within 36 months of release. These units are work and program oriented, providing intensive specialized programs that prepare the inmates for release to the community with unfenced perimeters.South Carolina Correction Facilities essays question papers South Carolina Correction FacilitiesCorrections are a necessary tool to protect society from those who do harm to others or to others property. Depending o n the type of crime that was committed, and if the crime is considered a state or federal charge, also depends on where the person sentenced will do his time. There are four main sentencing options available prison, probation, probation and confinement, and prison and community split. When a person is sentenced to do their time in prison most likely they will go to a state or federal prison. If a person is ordered probation, it prevents them from going to jail but they have stipulations on their probation. This is called intermediate sanctions, which are the various new correctional options used as adjuncts to and part of probation. Some intermediate sanctions include restitution, fines, day fines, community service, intensive supervised probation, house arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock incarceration.If a person is sentenced to do time, that person could be sentenced to a county jail up to a maximum security prison. In South Carolina, most county jails or Detention Centers h ouse an average population of approximately 100 county inmates depending on the size of the county and the jail itself. Inmates serving sentences in county jails are ordered by the Magistrate or General Sessions courts for non-violent offenses. The inmates usually serve terms less than one year. The inmates prepare meals in the center kitchen for inmates at the facility and for persons awaiting trial in the county jail. The inmates can also work at county buildings doing janitorial work, doing yard maintenance in various parts of the county, or picking up litter along the roads and highways.If a person is sentenced to a state prison, depending on the crime, that person could be sent to one of S.C. Department of Corrections twenty-nine prisons which are categorized into four distinct security levels community-based pre-release/work centers (level 1A), minimum security (level 1B), medium security (level 2) and high security (level 3). The architectural design of the institution, type of housing, operational procedures, and the level of security staffing determine an institutions security level. Inmates are assigned to institutions to meet their specific security, programming, medical, educational, and work requirements.Level 1-A facilities are community-based pre-release/work centers that house minimum-security non-violent inmates who are within 36 months of release. These units are work and program oriented, providing intensive specialized programs that prepare the inmates for release to the community with unfenced perimeters.

Jack Chicks The Prophet :: Islam Religion Comic Papers

Jack Chicks The Prophet If maven were asked to comment on influential and powerful theatrical roles of literature, one would expect the usual suspects to come to mind. There are those time-honored classics found in bound, leather volumes that are on everyones bookshelves. Many celebrated contemporary full treatment have the distinction of having been awarded a Nobel or Pulitzer Prize. It was not really until Art Spiegelmans Pulitzer Prize winning Maus (Parts I and II) that we could realize the awesome power of literature in a comic form. Literature in any form is also a double-edged sword. It whoremaster incise like a scalpel or dramatise like a bomb. The endless rearrangement of twenty-six letters to form words represents both thought and action. Both have the potential to be positive or negative. The Chronicles of the Learned Elders of Zion, an apocryphal and fraudulent anthology, helped stir up anti-Semitic strife in a pre-Holocaust Europe. In a mere thirty-two pages, Jack Ch icks comic, The Prophet, conveys much(prenominal) the same attitude as that which dominated the fascist landscape of the Nazi Reich less than six decades ago. The Prophet is nothing more than a disgusting piece of rubbish and propaganda. The assertions made about the origins, history, and motivations of Islam are so ridiculous, that at some point one cannot help but laugh at the stupidity indispensable to write such trash. This makes Chicks work both comic and tragic. Unfortunately, free speech even applies to the ignorant and those consumed with hatred. On the other hand, freedom of thought allows us to evaluate, criticize, and winnow out them.The story begins with the civil war in Beirut, Lebanon in the early 1980s. It is here that a reporter is terrorized by the stereotypical wild-eyed Muslim fundamentalist. Before the reporters knowledge by the warped Dr. Alberto Rivera, he neatly sums up the situation in the Middle East as most Americans have been trained to do - dismissing everyone on that point as being crazy and giving up on even an iota of understanding (Chick, Jack T., The Prophet, P. 3-4). Luckily, Dr. Rivera is at the terminal snackbar so he can make sense of all of human history. His story is so convoluted that he manages to solve more mysteries than Matlock and Columbo did I their entire television careers. The just question that remains at the end of his idiotic expose is Where was he when the Warren Commission needed him?

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

African American & Societys Influence Essay -- essays research papers

I. IntroductionWe can begin to draw comparisons and highlight distinctions about the meaning attached to youth violence, from the modern era to present day. establish on this meaning, we are able to understand the myriad of ways delinquent adolescents are affected by certain policies. Specifically, African Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system of Cook County, Chicago. Thus, they are a vulnerable population that is singled out by the system, and this further exacerbates and smirchtizes them. II. Historical Background Children As Villains In modern font AmericaUntil the late 19th century, children were tried in criminal courts with adults. According to common law, the law regarded children under the age of seven, as still in the infancy stage of moral development, while those over the age of fourteen, were morally developed and thus responsible for criminal offenses. An early resolution, to the reasoning of juvenile delinquency, was that the blame was direc t at the child. Children faced harsh punishment, such as prison and death. Eventually, reform efforts were established to provide a more acceptable approach. The Society for the square awayation of youthful Delinquents, viewed delinquents as needing a place to rehabilitate, and punishment was built in (Shepherd). As a penalty, the children worked an 8-hour day at trades and attended school for another 4 hours. Records give notice (of) that many of them had not committed any criminal act, and a number of juvenile delinquents could be categorized as committing status offenders (Shepherd). Juveniles were susceptible to court hearings that were informal, and the political orientation was based on the principle that judges will act as a parental guide, and provide an approach to guide children. In addition, another response to the growing concern of youth delinquency was with the establishment of the first juvenile court system created in Cook County, Chicago. This act was unique, si nce it attempted to reduce the stigma of juvenile crime and create a new approach for the process of offenders. They philosophized that children were not to be treated as criminals but in need of encouragement. III. watercourse View of Juvenile delinquencyOver the decades, the perspective of juvenile delinquency has seemed to intensify, as it has been regarded as an epidemic. Youth violence has appeared to proliferate in some ar... ...are inadequately being taken care of. Consequently, there is the possibility that Americas poor children will grow up in a socially disorganise neighborhood, and ultimately they will be exposed to violence. As they grow up, they will attach meaning to the surroundings and people around them, and depending on the resource in their life they will eventually become molded. ReferencesBennet, J. and Fraser, L. (2002) Urban Violence among African American Males Integrating Family, Neighborhood, and Peer Perspectives. 1-2. Chicago Gangs. Retrieved December 13, 2004 from http//gangresearch.net Collins, J.W. and Hawkes, E.K. (1997) Pathways to Juvenile Detention Reform Reducing Racial Disparities in Juvenile Detention. 21-24. Dumke, M. (2000, September. Race, Poverty, & defining failing schools. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 5, 2004, from http//www.chicagotribune.com. Sheney, R. (2004). Armed and Dangerous. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 12, 2004 from www.chicagotribune.comShepherd, R. Jr. The Juvenile apostrophize at 100 Years Back A Look Back. Retrieved Decmber 13, 2004 from http//www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjjournal1299/2.html