Abortion: Common Ground Must Be Found Essay -- abortion, argumentativ

Consider for a moment a society in which there ar no rules or laws. A society in which everyone is allowed to do what they please whenever they feel like it without any consequences. The world would be in a state of chaos. In order to maintain order and implement laws we go for a set of morals to judge what actions are permissible and which are not. Through evaluating their actions and the outcomes of these actions, humans begin to develop morals. However, to fully understand the consequences one moldiness first claim responsibility for her actions. The moral validity of abortion does not depend on the status of the unborn as a person, when life begins-whether it is conception, birth, or sometime between-or religious beliefs. The permission of abortion contradicts the very definition and purpose of morality and the right to privacy.The United States International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo in 1994, recognized unsafe abortion as a major public heal th concern. The World Health Organization estimates that about 75,000 women endure each year from unskilled abortions. Damage to womens health and the burden of care that falls on often scarce hospital resources also come to the costly impact of poorly performed abortions on public health systems. Abortions are usually performed without adequate skill because of laws that make safe, medically performed abortion services unlawful. at heart the last two centuries, and particularly during the twentieth century, abortion has been criminalized. It was only in the closing decades of the last century that laws film recognized womens needs and rights to have access to safe abortion services. Historically many customary laws condemned the interruption of pregnancy, wheth... ...that its not easy. Instead I think that there should be more(prenominal) awareness brought about to young woman that consider it, maybe classes be completed before the procedure is done informing them on the risk s that are macrocosm taken and the other alternatives that are available out there. I feel that if God can forgive than the people should too.Human rights laws are increasingly give priority to womens health, dignity, and capacity as the principal decision makers over their own reproduction. Countries whose laws criminalize abortion and compromise womens health and welfare are facing louder calls for reform. To counter this, conservative governments and religious authorities support restrictive laws and urge more prohibitions against abortions. I just hope that one day that both(prenominal) sides can come to an agreement upon this issue that divides the American people into two.

South Carolina Correction Facilities :: essays research papers

South Carolina Correction FacilitiesCorrections are a necessary tool to nourish society from those who do harm to others or to others property. Depending on the flake of crime that was committed, and if the crime is considered a democracy or federal charge, also depends on where the psyche sentenced will do his time. There are four of import sentencing options available prison, probation, probation and confinement, and prison and community split. When a soulfulness is sentenced to do their time in prison most likely they will go to a read or federal prison. If a person is ordered probation, it prevents them from going to jail but they consider stipulations on their probation. This is called intermediate sanctions, which are the various new correctional options used as adjuncts to and part of probation. Some intermediate sanctions include restitution, fines, day fines, community service, intensive supervised probation, abode arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock incarce ration.If a person is sentenced to do time, that person could be sentenced to a county jail up to a maximum protective covering prison. In South Carolina, most county jails or Detention Centers offer an average population of approximately 100 county inmates depending on the size of the county and the jail itself. Inmates serving sentences in county jails are ordered by the Magistrate or General Sessions courts for non-violent offenses. The inmates unremarkably serve terms less than one year. The inmates prepare meals in the center kitchen for inmates at the installing and for persons awaiting trial in the county jail. The inmates can also work at county buildings doing janitorial work, doing yard maintenance in various parts of the county, or picking up bedding material along the roads and highways.If a person is sentenced to a state prison, depending on the crime, that person could be sent to one of S.C. Department of Corrections twenty-nine prisons which are categorized into fo ur distinct gage levels community-based pre-release/work centers (level 1A), token(prenominal) security (level 1B), medium security (level 2) and high security (level 3). The architectural design of the institution, type of housing, running(a) procedures, and the level of security staffing determine an institutions security level. Inmates are assigned to institutions to meet their specific security, programming, medical, educational, and work requirements.Level 1-A facilities are community-based pre-release/work centers that house minimum-security non-violent inmates who are within 36 months of release. These units are work and program oriented, providing intensive specialized programs that prepare the inmates for release to the community with unfenced perimeters.South Carolina Correction Facilities essays question papers South Carolina Correction FacilitiesCorrections are a necessary tool to protect society from those who do harm to others or to others property. Depending o n the type of crime that was committed, and if the crime is considered a state or federal charge, also depends on where the person sentenced will do his time. There are four main sentencing options available prison, probation, probation and confinement, and prison and community split. When a person is sentenced to do their time in prison most likely they will go to a state or federal prison. If a person is ordered probation, it prevents them from going to jail but they have stipulations on their probation. This is called intermediate sanctions, which are the various new correctional options used as adjuncts to and part of probation. Some intermediate sanctions include restitution, fines, day fines, community service, intensive supervised probation, house arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock incarceration.If a person is sentenced to do time, that person could be sentenced to a county jail up to a maximum security prison. In South Carolina, most county jails or Detention Centers h ouse an average population of approximately 100 county inmates depending on the size of the county and the jail itself. Inmates serving sentences in county jails are ordered by the Magistrate or General Sessions courts for non-violent offenses. The inmates usually serve terms less than one year. The inmates prepare meals in the center kitchen for inmates at the facility and for persons awaiting trial in the county jail. The inmates can also work at county buildings doing janitorial work, doing yard maintenance in various parts of the county, or picking up litter along the roads and highways.If a person is sentenced to a state prison, depending on the crime, that person could be sent to one of S.C. Department of Corrections twenty-nine prisons which are categorized into four distinct security levels community-based pre-release/work centers (level 1A), minimum security (level 1B), medium security (level 2) and high security (level 3). The architectural design of the institution, type of housing, operational procedures, and the level of security staffing determine an institutions security level. Inmates are assigned to institutions to meet their specific security, programming, medical, educational, and work requirements.Level 1-A facilities are community-based pre-release/work centers that house minimum-security non-violent inmates who are within 36 months of release. These units are work and program oriented, providing intensive specialized programs that prepare the inmates for release to the community with unfenced perimeters.

Jack Chicks The Prophet :: Islam Religion Comic Papers

Jack Chicks The Prophet If maven were asked to comment on influential and powerful theatrical roles of literature, one would expect the usual suspects to come to mind. There are those time-honored classics found in bound, leather volumes that are on everyones bookshelves. Many celebrated contemporary full treatment have the distinction of having been awarded a Nobel or Pulitzer Prize. It was not really until Art Spiegelmans Pulitzer Prize winning Maus (Parts I and II) that we could realize the awesome power of literature in a comic form. Literature in any form is also a double-edged sword. It whoremaster incise like a scalpel or dramatise like a bomb. The endless rearrangement of twenty-six letters to form words represents both thought and action. Both have the potential to be positive or negative. The Chronicles of the Learned Elders of Zion, an apocryphal and fraudulent anthology, helped stir up anti-Semitic strife in a pre-Holocaust Europe. In a mere thirty-two pages, Jack Ch icks comic, The Prophet, conveys much(prenominal) the same attitude as that which dominated the fascist landscape of the Nazi Reich less than six decades ago. The Prophet is nothing more than a disgusting piece of rubbish and propaganda. The assertions made about the origins, history, and motivations of Islam are so ridiculous, that at some point one cannot help but laugh at the stupidity indispensable to write such trash. This makes Chicks work both comic and tragic. Unfortunately, free speech even applies to the ignorant and those consumed with hatred. On the other hand, freedom of thought allows us to evaluate, criticize, and winnow out them.The story begins with the civil war in Beirut, Lebanon in the early 1980s. It is here that a reporter is terrorized by the stereotypical wild-eyed Muslim fundamentalist. Before the reporters knowledge by the warped Dr. Alberto Rivera, he neatly sums up the situation in the Middle East as most Americans have been trained to do - dismissing everyone on that point as being crazy and giving up on even an iota of understanding (Chick, Jack T., The Prophet, P. 3-4). Luckily, Dr. Rivera is at the terminal snackbar so he can make sense of all of human history. His story is so convoluted that he manages to solve more mysteries than Matlock and Columbo did I their entire television careers. The just question that remains at the end of his idiotic expose is Where was he when the Warren Commission needed him?

African American & Societys Influence Essay -- essays research papers

I. IntroductionWe can begin to draw comparisons and highlight distinctions about the meaning attached to youth violence, from the modern era to present day. establish on this meaning, we are able to understand the myriad of ways delinquent adolescents are affected by certain policies. Specifically, African Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system of Cook County, Chicago. Thus, they are a vulnerable population that is singled out by the system, and this further exacerbates and smirchtizes them. II. Historical Background Children As Villains In modern font AmericaUntil the late 19th century, children were tried in criminal courts with adults. According to common law, the law regarded children under the age of seven, as still in the infancy stage of moral development, while those over the age of fourteen, were morally developed and thus responsible for criminal offenses. An early resolution, to the reasoning of juvenile delinquency, was that the blame was direc t at the child. Children faced harsh punishment, such as prison and death. Eventually, reform efforts were established to provide a more acceptable approach. The Society for the square awayation of youthful Delinquents, viewed delinquents as needing a place to rehabilitate, and punishment was built in (Shepherd). As a penalty, the children worked an 8-hour day at trades and attended school for another 4 hours. Records give notice (of) that many of them had not committed any criminal act, and a number of juvenile delinquents could be categorized as committing status offenders (Shepherd). Juveniles were susceptible to court hearings that were informal, and the political orientation was based on the principle that judges will act as a parental guide, and provide an approach to guide children. In addition, another response to the growing concern of youth delinquency was with the establishment of the first juvenile court system created in Cook County, Chicago. This act was unique, si nce it attempted to reduce the stigma of juvenile crime and create a new approach for the process of offenders. They philosophized that children were not to be treated as criminals but in need of encouragement. III. watercourse View of Juvenile delinquencyOver the decades, the perspective of juvenile delinquency has seemed to intensify, as it has been regarded as an epidemic. Youth violence has appeared to proliferate in some ar... ...are inadequately being taken care of. Consequently, there is the possibility that Americas poor children will grow up in a socially disorganise neighborhood, and ultimately they will be exposed to violence. As they grow up, they will attach meaning to the surroundings and people around them, and depending on the resource in their life they will eventually become molded. ReferencesBennet, J. and Fraser, L. (2002) Urban Violence among African American Males Integrating Family, Neighborhood, and Peer Perspectives. 1-2. Chicago Gangs. Retrieved December 13, 2004 from http//gangresearch.net Collins, J.W. and Hawkes, E.K. (1997) Pathways to Juvenile Detention Reform Reducing Racial Disparities in Juvenile Detention. 21-24. Dumke, M. (2000, September. Race, Poverty, & defining failing schools. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 5, 2004, from http//www.chicagotribune.com. Sheney, R. (2004). Armed and Dangerous. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 12, 2004 from www.chicagotribune.comShepherd, R. Jr. The Juvenile apostrophize at 100 Years Back A Look Back. Retrieved Decmber 13, 2004 from http//www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjjournal1299/2.html

The Sun Also Rises :: Essays papers

The lie Also RisesThis is the way the world ends. This is the way the world ends. This is the way the world ends. Not with a neck but a whimper. (T.S. Eliot, The Hollow Men) but a whimper., Eliot was writing of the Lost Generation. The period after World War I were people were disillusioned, wandering by means of their life lost, not sure what their goal was. In Ernest Hemmingways novel, The Sun Also Rises, the Lost Generation and their inability to cope with the change around them is the focus of the novel. The Sun Also Rises is a sightlyly written account of a generation lost in an unknown cause that leaves them abandoned in the end. Hemmingway wrote this story in a unique fashion. The book is written with no apparent plot, that is, there are not twists, intrigue, or goals for the display cases. The plot is simply the story itself. That is what Hemmingway treasured, he wanted the reader to read this story and recognize the loses and struggles the characters encounter through experiences they had. The Sun Also Rises takes place in France following the First World War. The main character and narrator is Jake Barnes a newspaper reporter and war veteran. His life corresponds directly to that of the Lost Generation, for he is the Lost Generation. Jake lives a real simple life, he gets up and eats, goes to work, goes out with someone for lunch, goes back to work, than goes out with friends to eat supper and drink the night away. Jakes life is very similar to all others of that time he is not an exception. To attest this Hemmingway shows the bars and restaurants packed at night with people just like Jake and his friends. Jakes long time friend and once lover, Brent Ashley is a very beautiful and unruly woman. She makes her first appearance in the novel as she walks into a bar to meet Jake, she is followed by a group of gay men. This point is very crucial to the novel because it strikes a major point of conflict between Jake and Brett. Jake had suffered an in jury in the war and was impotent because of it. Jake is self-conscious of this fact and was very mental unsoundness when Brett walked in with men that were not impotent and yet failed to take advantage of it.

A Dolls House: Nora Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

ANANALYSISOFNORA, THE MEN IN HER LIFE,ANDHERNAVIGATATIONTO INDEPENDENCE     Theplay,ADollHouse,writtenbyHenrikIbsenin1879,isconsideredalandmarkindramaforits im psycheationofrealisticpeople,places,andsituations.Ibsenconfineshisstorytothemiddleclass.He compilesofasocietythatis limitednot onlybyitsmeansoflivelihoodbut as well asitsoutlook.Ibsenportrayshis characters aspreoccupiedwithworkandm one(a)y, showing a reduction of valuesinand that lack of quality persons with morals.Ibsentakesthisrealisticstoryandinvestsitwithuniversalsignificance.Wrappedupinthetechniqueofthiswellconstructed play, Ibsenis masterfulinhispresentationofnotonlyrealism,but heholdsamirrorupto thesocietyof his daylight byusingthe malefiguresascatalystsforNorasultimateknowledgeofself-actualization.Heaccomplishesthiswithsuchprecision thattheaudiencemightnotbeaware allthesubtletiesthatarecreatingtheirtheatricalexperience.     InA Doll House,Noraforgesthenameofherfatherandrisksdama ginghermarried mansgoodname.HenrikIbsenoffersremarkableinsightintothenineteenthcenturypreoccupationwiththefamilyandthe typeofthefather, and what usage is projected upon those who are subjugated to him.Thisplaytakesupthesubjectofstrongwomenandweakmen at heart the plot. Aprominenttheme at bottomthisdramaisthedeteriorationofthemale,who is awareofhisroleasa"fatherfigure". This decomposition is observed by the female protagonist (Nora). It is this descent that the role of the father figure is shaped, while creating thecatalystfor the catharsis orchangeinNora.     Whenthefemaleprotagonistchallengespatriarchalauthority,shedoessobyundermininginoneformoranotherboththedominantmaleandhisfamilyname. ThefollowinganalysisfocusesonNorasultimaterealizationthatshemustbeanemancipatedpersontobehertrueself.Hernavigationthroughtheelementsofcrisesarefocusedthroughthefather-figuresinherlife.Thejourneytowardsherself-actualizationandrisingfreedomcan be foundwithinherrelationshi pswiththemeninherlife.Thisultimatelyidentifiestherelevantthematicelementsthatarepivo... ...hechoosesinsteadtoseeherselfassomeoneinprocess,inastateofbecoming, alternativelythanof havingdefinedbeing.Noradiscoversthatbecauseherownsignaturehadnovalue,shehadtotakethenameofthedead/absentfather. Eventuallyrealizingthatshecannotescapetheghostorthenameoftheabsenthusband/father.     Thus, through Noras association and interaction with her father figures she, in a broader sense,hintsatthe possibilityofanew dynamic for the family and society as a whole. A time in which the person, no matter the gender, is allowed to sign for him or herself rather, than use the name of an father. InA Doll HouseNoradiscoversherselfdisenfranchisedand unbodiedbyherfathers/husbandsname.This only occurs by virtue of her inner resolve and the inherit flaws Ibsen has given to the male characters of the play. She finallyrejects both her father and husbandandaffirms her ambition towriteherowndestiny. Works CitedIbsen, Henrik. A Doll House . Drama A HarperCollins Pocket Anthology. ed. R. S.      Gwynn. New York HarperCollins. 1993. 153-212.

Neoclassicism vs Romanticism

Neoclassicism & papisticalticism (17809181 Neoclassicism, sass Neoclassical pieces generally portrayed papist hi invoice they elevated Roman heroes. During the sass was an Age of Reason and through its history paintings, its works were modes for conveying the Enlightenment ideals. Many of the pieces, standardized the Oath of the Horntail, ar receptions to the revolutions of their time. This piece is a call to arms, which shows that man is great and can be in control.Pieces during the Neoclassical time show a heightened contemplative moment like the one in this piece. Characteristics -brought back and depicted Roman history put to workal composition -the use of diagonals shows the apex of emotion/moment (versus a regular moment) local anaesthetic color -overall lighting -classic ego-structure -completed canvas Romanticism, sass-sass Unlike Neoclassicism, Romanticism was during the Age of Passion there was no time for contemplation, so pieces generally showed stirred extremes. Romanticism is a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces. Romanticism celebrated the elemental forces of nature, depicting nature as out of control. When the uncontrollable nature is compared to spirit, it makes people think life should be uncontrollable life should be continuously on the edge. Shows the height of action -emotional extremes -celebrated nature as out of control -dramatic compositions -heightened sensation (life and death moments) works Neoclassicism in France Adldid Labile-Guard, Self-portrait with Two Pupils, 1785 Jacques Louis-David, Oath of the Horntail, 1784-1785 Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures, 1785 Romanticism Antoine-Jean Gross, Napoleon in the Plague House at Gaff, 1804 Jean-Augusta Dominique Ingress, Large Odalisque, 1814 Adldid Labile-Guard, Self-portrait with Two Pupils, 1785, Oil on probe pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures and a light-hearted mood French portrai t painting to begin with the French Revolution of 1789, like this piece, may be characterized as a modified form of Rococo elegant informality continued to be featured, besides new themes were introduced, figures tended to be larger and more robust and compositional arrangements were more stable -Labile-Guard was elected to one of the four places in the French Academy lendable to women and later successfully petitioned to end the restriction on women -this work is often seen as a orphanage piece that argues for the place of women in the Academy -the monolithic image of the artist at her easel was meant to eradicate any rumors that men painted her works and the works of other female artists for example, in a role reversal, the however male in her work is her muse her father, whose bust is behind her -the self-portrait flatters the painters conventional feminine charms in a manner generally consistent with the Rococo customs duty she has a more monumental female type, in keeping with her conception of women as important contributors to national fife, which is an Enlightenment aspiration the triangular arrangement of the figures adds to this nucleus -the work also shows a rich palette and fine detail -the artists fashionable dress asserts her femininity the presence of her pupils and the statue of the Vestal Virgin in the reach emphasize the feminist mood (and show that women can and should be teachers) in ancient Rome, the Vestal virgins were the holy priestesses of Vests, the goddess of the hearth their primary task was to maintain the inviolable fire of Vests the Vestal duty brought great honor and afforded greater privileges to women who served in that role Jacques Louis-David, Oath of the Horntail, 1784-1785, Oil on Canvas -royal commission -reflects the taste and determine of Louis XVI who was sympathetic to the Enlightenment -following Doters lead, the king believed art should improve public morals -the painting was inspired by the seventeenth century drama Horace Roman history = Rome v.Alba (sons of Horace fight for Rome) -in the painting, the Horntail (three sons of Horace) are shown with their father, pledging an oath to the State -in contrast to the upright muscular angularity of the men is a group of limp dolourous women and righted children sad due to probability of death, but also because of the womens involvement with the enemy (through marriage, etc) women = weak -the composition effectively contrasts the mens stoic willingness to sacrifice themselves for the State with the womens emotional commitment to family ties -composition is a classical pyramid (geometric/structural divided into three compartments) -David wants the revolution call to arms -painting extols antique virtues of stoicism -vanishing point at the steel symbolic -goes back to Roman history with morality tales everything adds up to the thesis standing up for your beliefs (moral courage) women = the counterargument looking for a Just govern ment -during the Age of Reason, the population could be known through study and a painter could paint a rational painting that could change the world -areas of local color crawfish out the viewer across the canvas Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures, 1785, Oil on Canvas -for an English patron -Neoclassical history painting, subjects drawn from classical antiquity (Age of Reason, contemplation) -the story takes place in the second century BCC, during theRepublican era of Rome (Roman history) -a woman visitor has been showing Cornelia her Jewels and then requests to see those of her hostess Cornelia turns to her sons and says that these are her most rare Jewels -Cornelia exemplifies the good mother (popular subject in late eighteenth century) -in the reforming spirit of the Enlightenment depicted subjects that would teach lessons in virtue (didactic paintings) -the value of Carnelians maternal procreation is emphasized by the fact that under her loving care the sons grew up to be political reformers -setting = simple like the message), but the effect of the whole is dumb by the warm, subdued lighting and by the tranquil grace of the leading characters Antoine-Jean Gross, Napoleon in the Plague House at Gaff, 1804, Oil on Canvas chronicled Napoleons military campaigns -added Romantic elements dramatic lighting, emotionally stimulating elements, main action is meant to incite veneration, not republican virtue at the center of a runty group of soldiers and a doctor, Napoleon calmly reaches toward the sores of one of the victims, the image of a Christ-like figure healing the ptyalize with his touch, unconsciously intended to promote him as semi-divine (Gross paints the bloodbath = Romantic) -idealized account of an actual incident During Napoleons campaign against the Turks in 1799, bubonic plague broke out among his troops.Napoleon decided to quiet the fears of the healthy by visiting the sick and dying, who were housed in a converted mosque -shallow stage and a series of arcades behind the main actors are inspired by Davits Oath of the Horntail Jean-Augusta Dominique Ingress, Large Odalisque, 1814, Oil on Canvas -odalisque a female slave or concubine in a sultans harem (sexual fantasy repressed) -body urine away from the masters gaze makes her erotic and distant -the cool blues of the couch and the curtain at the right heighten the effect of the womans warm skin, while the tight angularity of the crumpled sheets accentuates the languid, sensual contours of her form -fluid line/elegant postures = Neoclassical -Romantic themes = odalisque in a highly personal fashion, her body is not anatomically correct, but is aesthetically pleasing -fascination with the exotic geographic expedition French discover exotic near East during Napoleons campaigns commissioned by the Queen of Naples -concerned with the line, not remaining true to form

A Walk in the Night by Alex La Guma Essay

Born in 1925 drape T avow, Alex La Guma is a writer, a leader of the sec Afri rouse Coloured Peoples organization and a Def shuttingant in the Treason Trial. Graduated High school and then joined the Young Communist League in 1947. He then became a member of the Communist Party a year later. He wrote for the new age from 1955. He wrote many articles for fighting talk in which he captured the atmosphere of the trial proceedings. He was placed under 24 hour rest home arrest in 1962, and was detained again in 1963. In 1966, he eaves Africa and wrote novels and short stories and received the 1969 Lotus Prize for Literature. In 1972, he edited the Apartheid A collection of writings on South African Racism by South Africans. He was considered unrivalledness of the most South Africans major twentieth century writers. A walk in the Night was his root book based on a nature of regularize sex, Cape Town. La Guma was an important political figure as well. Being charged with treason, bann ed, house arrested and neverthelesstually forced into exile, he was chief representative of the African National Congress (ANC) in the Caribbean at the cartridge clip of his death in 1985.South Africa is a country blessed with an abundance of natural resources including fertile farmlands and unique mineral resources. South African mines ar world leaders in the production of diamonds and metal(pre tokenish) as well as strategic metals such as platinum. It was colonized by the English and Dutch in the seventieth century. The English domination of the Dutch descendants resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies of Orange Free State ad Transual. The diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War. Until the 1940s, an uneasy ply sharing between the 2 groups held sway when the Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a strong majority.Strategists in the National partyinvented apartheid as a meaning to cement their control oer the economic and social system. The aim of the apartheid was to maintain while domination while extending racial separation. Beginning in the 1960s, a plan of Grand Apartheid was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and law repression. The Enactment of Apartheid law in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched both aspect of social life, including a prohibition between marriage, between non- egg snow-clads and innocences, and the sanctioning of whites only jobs. The Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories white, black (African), and or Coloured (mixed decent).In 1951, the Bonto Authorities Act established a basis for ethnic regimen in African reserves known as homelands. The homelands were independent states to which each African was assigned by the governing. All of the political honests, including voting was held by an African who was restricted to the designated hom eland. The idea was that they would be citizens of homeland and lose their citizenship in South Africa and any right involvement with the South African parliament. The homeland administration refused the nominal independence, maintaining pressure for political rights within the country as a whole. Nevertheless, Africans living in the homelands needed passports to enter South Africa. So they were basically considered aliens in their own country.Alex la Guma, very first novel presents the struggle against oppression by a group of characters in Cape Towns toughest district and the moralistic dissolution of a new-fangled man who is unjustly fired from his job. Being published in 1962, La Guma has a high reputation that is based on his vivid style, his Coloured dialogue, and his ability to present sympatically and realistically stack living under sordid and oppressive circumstances. This book reflects the plight of the South Africans and American blacks, a plight which has symptoms ra cism, segregation, and injustice. The novel depicts on a conflict between two main races whites and blacks in 1950s South Africa respectively. Being set in Cape Town in District Six, in one night in the late 1950s, the time setting represents Apartheid in South Africa and depicts the abusive attitudes and methods of white South Africans againsttheir black compatriots. With the obnoxious system acquittance on, there are harsh attitudes which the black community has to endure and on the hand it is a little opportunity given to blacks to lead normal lives.Michael genus Adonis and Willie boy are two main characters and they are set as the epitome of the unfortunate black spring chicken unemployed, apparently uneducated, and exposed at any moment to the abusive methods of police. Both of them try to find their way out to freedom but cant they are stuck in delinquency. In the book, there are a lot of negative images of the Negro represented in the perception of the whites. Whites feel that they pee the right to treat the blacks in any type of way they want regardless of what anybody says. Whites being the oppressor and the blacks being oppressed. This comes as a reflection of the attitudes of whites which express the feeling of exclusion, alienation, injustice, oppression, violence, degradation and any subject else that is biased in Apartheid of South Africa.Michael Adonis a young man who gets off a tram and entering what later becomes the setting of the story District Six. In the beginning, La Guma gives a strong rendering of what Michael looks like before telling us that he is an angry man. He is viewed as a young man who is easy to elicit but is aware of his right to perform a natural function and is willing to work and does non indulge in theft and thugery as others might peg him for. As well he is a man with violent inclinations who nurses anger at length and is therefore wedded to explode.Michael Adonis is a young man who is annoyed because he had los t his job for trying to use the rest manner. African right to strike and trade total the white employers managed to secure cheap African Labor. In the novel, it depicts the poverty of the Coloured including the employed one. This was meant to perpetuate the African plight and improve the economic situation of the white employer and employee by guaranteeing them the African cheap labor and eliminating the African potential competition as though black South Africans didnt share the same citizenship with the white South Africans. After being fired from his job, Michael enters a dirty Portuguese restaurant where he finds Willie boy. Willie boy, being another similar character that La Guma explains how he exposes the evil of apartheid. At the restaurant, healso meets with three youths who inquire about another character called Foxy. Walking out of the caf Michael forgets about Willie boy and went about on his own. The psychological torture that blacks and Coloured in South Africa go by , they resort to alcohol, crime and prostitution.Here the characters are doomed because there is nothing they can do about their predicament. Michael stops at the caf, hoping that by so doing he will purge himself of the shame and humiliation of his encounter with the white oppressors. At the same time he throws his cigarette cumulation the pavement and immediately, there are two slum boys who are wearing ragged shirts and shake horny feet scramble over it and the details that are described is important because it tells us about the squalor and it is an indication of juvenile delinquency. In contrast of this young boys, there are two policemen who stopped Michael down the street and demanded to know where he was heading to. They search him irrespectively and Michael goes off once more angry and frustrated. He was already in a state of anger because when talking to Willie boy, Willie boy rambles off about why he doesnt work for white people. While searching Michael, they think he i s bhang (drugs) on him.In this scenario, you can see that this is a clear case of police intimidation and harassment of the inability of a person of Michaels gage to have the freedom of walking without being stopped. After being stopped, Adonis enters the pub in District Six where a Jew called Mister Ike and he sells behind the counter. Michael orders wine to soothe his rage. Here you also see that Adonis relies on wine to control his temper which describes him as a volatile and unpredictable man. Leaving the pub, Adonis heads home and passes through dirty slums with narrow alleys. At this tenement he stops to watch a cat struggling with a dead fish. He is a man who hates the squalor but has no choice but to live in it. He meets a young lady name hazelnut tree which is the lady of the twilight. He tried to grab her but fails and is left alone on the steps feeling lonely. Again here, he produces more anger and is feeling malicious. At the same time he encounters Uncle Doughty.Duri ng this time he helps the old man into his room, inebriations his wine, tortures him to unleash his anger, frustration and loneliness, and then kills him. Doughty represents the whites because of his skin color, we cant forgive Michael for hitting the short old man who had done no harm to him. Here this is an example of inhumanity and a victim of dehumanization.With this going on, Adonis sobers up and realizes what he has done and is feeling guilty. At this moment, he is afraid and bolts out the door being unsure of what to do next. Thoughts run through Adonis mind like well, he didnt have no right living here with us colors. Adonis is a character who is not aware that skin pigmentation doesnt matter and he equates color with privilege.Willie boy a character who is presented to us a flighty not too weighty youth who does not care for work because he refused to work for whites. Also, he is a young man who loves to play the jukebox. Unlike, Michael Adonis, Willie boy strikes out as a layout. Willie boy does not hesitate to point out that he does not work for any white man and yet still survives. Willie boy visits the caf to drink cheap wine on credit and at the caf there are black girls who messes with the foreigners, in particular sailors of low breed, bringing to the fore the issues of prostitution. He sees one of the sailors fondling of the girls and him objects These Jubas. They just messing our girlsI dont like them messing our girlsto hell with them. While we encounter Willie boy again, he is contemplating on getting a contribute from Michael.Meeting Foxys group who likes ghosts keep turning up and finds Michael door locked. Willie boy try to see if he is in Doughtrys room and there he finds the old man dead. At this moment, this is the beginning of his running although he is innocent of the circumstances. Through the realistic mode, the author advances the cycle of violence in South Africa that Willie boy has suffered from. Willie boy was beaten by Mi ss Gypsy and he has been in that type of violence since childhood. His mother beat him at the slightest exacerbation and he knew that she was wreaking the experience upon him for the beating she received from his father.Another major character is Constable Raalt. A police officer whose present duty is to patrol District 6. He is a Boer policemen who holds a humiliating estimation of the blacks and considers them primitive. Andries his partner is a man who is full of responsibility but is affected by the white collective unconscious that considers the white race as being the superior. So this makes him worried about the white reputation to be affected by the ferociousness of the white people like constable Raalt. Raalt drive around in apolice van with Andries and is bragging about the problems he has with his wife. Raalt hides his anger at his wife and it like a hard steel under camouflage paint. A guy who is very annoyed at Andries because he does not have similar marital problem s. Constable Raalt is a malicious man who likes contemplating others people pains and he is unstable at home who cannot be stable on the job. Andries, the other driver of Raalt wishes that Raalt would transfer to a white area to avoid his abuse of power against the Coloured. The violence that characterizes South Africa is shown through the character here.He is depict as a very ruthless man who represents the South African society of white oppressors. Later on, when Willie Boy dies, he considered himself superior to blacks because of the terms he uses such as bastard. To quote Raalt no hotnot bastard gets away with murder on my patrol. A close reading of A Walk in the night reveals the abusive methods of constable Raalt on the black citizens. Raalt has no respect for Coloured people and could kill them at will. He terrorizes the life of the Coloured people everywhere he goes. He went into the Club House with the aim of intimidating and extorting money from the Coloured man, Chips wh o runs the place.After Willie boy death, we witness two confrontations. The crowds accuses of Constable Raalt of parky blooded murder, but that is all they can do because Raalt is the law. The overbearing Raalt, the law with his gun, has had his taste of blood and does not care. He loads the wounded Willie boy into the second of the can and continues with his patrol. As Willie boy lies at the back of the police van, pain and nausea wracking his body, Andries is anxious to get the boy to the hospital, Raalt does not bother. Raalt was so concerned that he had his partner stop at a convenience store so he can buy some smoke. Here is where Willie boy traces back to his childhood of his bitter purposeless life all mingled up with his present situation and then dies.Another character that is introduce in the story is Joe. Joe is a poor person with hardly anything to eat. Michaels sees Joe and offers him a bob which is slang for beer. Joe turns down the offer and offer Michael some fish that he had picked up off the beach. One thing to understand about Joe is that he is an open handed person with a good heart even though he is poor. Alex la Guma sees him as a clean heart human being. Michael and Joe also have aconservation about the segregation of beaches. The curse of segregation also inflicted nonwhites on a gargantuan scale districts and even towns were not allowed for nonwhites to go to without having permits. The frequent absence of Jimmy La Guma at home when Alex was a little child, can be paralleled with the description of Joes Father for his family. Joes fathers description caused Joe to feel miserable and frustrated. However, the specificity of Joes peaceful character makes him able to accept his bitter universe without resorting to violence.The milieu of Black district is placed in sharp contrast with the conductive area where the whites live. The black majority live in the ghettos, in squalors, and in bad housing conditions. The contrast in racial des egregation is brought to the fore as the white oppressors segregate themselves from the Coloured people by living in cozy environments. La Guma presents the degrading conditions of the Lorenzo family who live in one room Four of their children lay sleeping in the narrow single bed against the bulwark on the side of the room. They slept under the one threadbare, worn, sweaty, blanket, and fitted together like parts of a puzzle into the narrow sagging space, two at each end of the bed. Grace, Franky Lorenzos wife had to use the tap in the latrine to get water to make tea for her husband.This underscores the level of realism in South Africa. Also, here we have Franky Lorenzo who expresses his feelings of whites. On pg. 34, he quotes They say, mos, it is us poor peoples bountifules. You got no food in your guts, and you got no food for your children, but youre rich with them. The rich people got money but they got one, two kids. They got ample to feed ten, twenty children and they on ly make one or two. We havent got even enough for one kid and we make eight, nine-one a year. Jesus. Being said, he said this because his wife Grace has an unborn child on the way and they cant even afford for the children they already have. He took his anger out on Grace and hurting her because he made it seem like it was her fault she is pregnant.During the pub scene, we are introduced to the taxi driver. A Coloured taxi driver who wants to awaken the consciousness of his community by conveying the idea that the white capitalist system is prudent for racism andsegregation in the country. The taxi driver represents the communist conviction of the author. He cannot explain it well because he is apparently illiterate, but his conviction is deeply rooted in him. When speaking about the violence of the whites against blacks all over the world, he puts the blame on the capitalist system.The last chapter of the novel is a cinematic rendition of what happens all over district 6 concernin g the events and characters that are mentioned. Foxy and his gang go on to their mission, a cockroach waits for darkness to eat up the mess in Doughtrys room and John Abraham tosses over, unable to bear his guilt Frank Lorenzo snores peacefully as Grace contemplates the future life she is carrying and Joe heads for the sea. It is a sweep at the characters life and their hopes.Since 1948, The Policy of Apartheid of the South African Government has been one of the most publicized racial policies in the world, that both within and without the alliance just what the policy is all about has led to some confusion, misunderstanding and controversy. These advocates of apartheid see the separate development of the two major racial groups (European and Bantu). Apartheid has come to be a comprehensive social policy and it touches upon every sphere of social life in South Africa politics, education, economics, religion, and so far on.The 1960 Sharpeville Massacre was the result of a peaceful p rotest regarding racist South African policies of apartheid. The enforcement of Pass Laws and the reissue of laws that restricted the movement of Black Africans in White areas in South Africa initiated a protest in Sharpeville. Pan African Congressional Leaders assembled close to 5,000 protesters to bring attention to such unfairness. The intent of the protest was for the South African government to rethink their Apartheid policies and abolish such practices. The protest mood was more festive than belligerent as the crowd moved towards the police station. It is here in which the response moved into the realm where the massacre was evident.The police response to the protest became the primary cause of the massacre.The police assembled and used disproportionate responses to the protest. The use of low flying aircraft to examine to break the crowd up would be one such measure. The polices response to the stone throwing of the crowds was the use of armored cars and shooting on protest ers. more of the protesters were shot in the back, indicating that they were trying to run away from the police and were still pursued.The reports of men, women, and children running from the police presence like rabbits only feeds the imagery of their being gunned down in such a callous and cruel manner. This brutality is only emphasized by the police commissioners statements about what happened in Sharpeville It started when hordes of natives surrounding the police stationIf they do these things, they must learn their lessons the hard way. In this statement, one can see the lack of regard for the life of Black South Africans, one in which state sanctioned violence can lead to massacre so easily.The setting of this novel is important because it brings out the social and moral rot of the society. The realistic depiction of gloom, rot, filth, and neglect is a powerful indication of the destructiveness of the Apartheid black environment of District Six, which affects the moods of pe oples lives. The characters here are overwhelmed by the environment and are doomed to walk the night in frustration, uncertain of their destination, ambition, destinies, and purposes in life. Blacks of District Six cannot find a way out of their situation debar unlawful behavior. Willie boy engages in petty crimes and violent acts in order to survive. Michael was illegitimately dismissed from his job and resorts to the membership of the gang of Foxy, Hendricks and Toyer, who specialize in robbery and petty crimes as well.

Literature Review on Library Management System

literary productions Review Draft K ben Foss, Library Director of the Catawba County Library System in Newton, northeasterly Carolina has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new universe depository program library managers cultivate their professional development. Most of the research and writings on library watchfulness have focused on donnishian libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the disposal of public libraries. The skill and style of public library managers the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions strongly affects the culture of a public library.Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the fast changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service. Contemporary library managers need a wider set of skills and attributes than thei r earlier and more traditional counterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century.These managers will also need to distinguish between management and leadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can advocate in the transition. This paper is a brief scan of the literature currently available on managing libraries and includes information on academic as tumesce as public libraries due to the above-mentioned lack of public library material. Weiner reviewed the literature extant on leadership in academic libraries and surveyed materials on recruitment, leadership effectiveness identification, career development, roles and responsibilities, and characteristics and management style (2003, p. ). Since she chose to focus on leadership as well as management attributes, her review encompasses materials on library directors as well as university libraria ns. A discussion of the changes and trends affecting academic libraries is valuable as it provides the context of the article and helps to enlighten readers who might non be familiar with the academic environment. Research studies and models, other literature reviews, and books and articles written are discussed and an extensive bibliography leads the readers to further study.Hernon and Rossiter (2006) studied the emotional intelligence concepts that are relevant to university library directors. Their research entangled two different activities for gathering information. They analyzed all of the job advertisements for library directors in College & Research Libraries News from 2000 to 2004 and looked for any mention of leadership skills. Then they interviewed university library directors to compare their career experiences with the information taken from the advertisements.By comparing the expectations of search committees with the actual experiences of the directors, they suggest which emotional intelligence traits are most useful in academic library management. The authors conclude that identifying these traits and helping to cultivate the ones deemed most critical (p. 274) is important for the development of future leaders. Mullins and Linehan (2006) provided a public library context for leadership and management in their study of thirty public library managers in Ireland, Britain, and the United States.Their focus was on whether or not these managers understand and utilize the differing concepts of leadership and management. fit in to their findings, eighty percent of the respondents did not comprehend the difference in these concepts and focused on administration and management over leadership skills to accomplish their work. humanity librarians who lay out an aptitude for leadership should be encouraged to develop and apply their talents in their field of influence.Sagers (2001) writings on identifying the skills and attributes needed in library adm inistration derive from his work as a library executive recruiter. He has conversed with many library administrators, board members and trustees, search committees, and job candidates and proposes that successful managers need not only the traditional skills that have defined a library managers role, but also many newer skills as well. Sager believes that there is much greater complexity in managing todays libraries (p. 263).Although his work is based on experience and not research, there is value in his discussion of what he believes are the most important skills and attributes because it is based on his extensive interaction with the groups listed above. Throughout the article Evolving Virtues, he also creates his own list of traits that he believes will place in the future and ends the article by listing some methods for library managers to develop these newer skills. Hernon, Powell, and Young (2003) conducted research in academic and public libraries to assess the qualities tha t library directors need in order to be uccessful in their careers and have written an effective book on the results of their work. The Next Library Leadership Attributes of Academic and Public library Directors discusses in great detail the leadership qualities and styles, managerial qualities, personal qualities, and knowledge areas that are desirable for a library director in any a public or academic setting. A Delphi study was used to gather data from public library directors via email to identify and rank leadership attributes and the results of their research are defined through narratives as well as in tabular form.Results from the study helped the authors to rank the most beneficial managerial attributes as the ability to work effectively with library boards and staff and to advocate for library in the community. Desirable personal attributes included integrity, vision, and effective oral, written, and interpersonal communication skills. Directors essential also possess kn owledge of trends, innovations, and current library best practices and be able to plan effectively for the future.Although little management and leadership research exists that identifies specifically the skills and attributes needed by public library managers, it is possible to transfer knowledge from the academic library field. However, researchers with an interest in the future of public libraries should note the shortfall of information and work to increase the available knowledge. Public library administrators and leaders, as well as schools of library and information studies should also note the missing literature and contribute to the process.The field is in dire need of further study that can be incorporated into the practices of public library administrators to benefit library users and their communities. References Hernon, P. , Powell, R. R. , & Young, A. P. (2003). The future(a) library leadership Attributes of academic and public library directors. Westport, CT Librarie s Unlimited. Hernon, P. & Rossiter, N. (2006). Emotional intelligence Which traits are most prized? Electronic version. College & Research Libraries, 67(3), 260-275. Retrieved on September 22, 2007 from Wilson Library books Full-Text database (200612103837008). Mullins, J. & Linehan, M. (2006).Are public libraries led or managed? Electronic version. Library Review, 55(3/4), 237. Retrieved on September 22, 2007 from ProQuest Research Library database (1048982301). Sager, D. (2001). Evolving virtues Library administrative skills. Electronic version. Public Libraries, 40(5), 268-272. Retrieved on September 22, 2007 from Wilson Library Literature Full-Text database (200124401051003). Weiner, S. G. (2003). Leadership of academic libraries A literature review. Electronic version. Education Libraries, 26(2), 5-18. Retrieved on September 22, 2007 from Wilson Library Literature Full-Text database (200334903472001).

Political-Legal Environment Affecting the Economy of an Industry

Political- legal environment is one of the economic environment that its development has strongly impacts on the marketing decisions of the company. The policy-making environment consists of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence or limit various organizations and individuals in a given society. Each factors of political environment has its own functions and impacts on the economic activities of the industry. The economic systems work best with at least whatever regulation.When an industry with well-conceived regulation, it can have more opportunities in competition and ensure reasonably market for goods and services. The public policy is a set of laws and regulations that the government makes to guide commercial or to limit business for the good of society as a whole. Almost marketing activites requires a wide range of laws and regulations to stable the system and help to make true marketing decisions.Legislation affect business around the arena and it has increased steadily over the years such as local-content laws, outcome restrictions, tax controls, price controls, labor problems. .etcChina is one of the Samsung market and it has many laws relates to some issues such as custom import and trading, foreign investment, information technology, pricing and etc. o regulate the activites or the development of Samsung electronics industry in China, for example conditional Regulations on Trade Administration of Technology Introduction and Equipment Importation 1- 1996, Implementation Rules on Small-Volume Frontier Trade of Importing Machinery and Electronic Products, Notice on Policies for crystalise and Adjustment of Import Tax, Regulation on Administration of Organizations in Charge of Import or Machinery and Electronic Products in Localities and Departments at the Central directetc and through those laws, Samsung enterprises located in China mustiness comply with all the articles of Chinese laws and all the regulations that they si gn together. The regulations are constantly changing and the marketer must work hard to keep up with changes in regulations and their interpretations.. . . Another example is the activites of Samsung electronics VietNam (SEV) in export and paying tax.According to some regulations and laws on taxes, the contributions to the budget through taxes including import or export taxes, value added tax (VAT) and environmental protection taxes. The political sanctions, which protect the companies from each other. Although business executives may praise competition, they sometimes try to toss off it when it threatens them, so laws are passed to defined and prevent unfair competition. For example, Korean companies have been increasingly subject to the extraterritorial reach of foreign antitrust laws, in 2005, the US department of Justice(DOJ) imposed fines of $300 million on Samsung electronic, a Korean manufactuer of dynamic random access memory(DRAM) and its US subsidiary, Samsung semiconduct or, for participating in an international cabal to fix prices in the DRAM market.In addition, according to local reports, the Japan fair trade commission will fine affiliates of Samsung electronics an unprecented amount of several billion fade for price fixing. This was because their sale to subsidiaries of Japanese companies indirectly affected the Japanese market. The Japanese sanctions also protect the right of their authorities and consumers. Another example is the patent intrusion between Samsung and Apple. According to US infringement law, US Court orderedSamsungto pay $1. 05 billion damages, after ruling that the South Korean firm infringed on someApplepatents inpatent infringement trial between Samsung and Apple.And after that, Samsungs entire line of galaxy were banned in atomic number 63 such as the Galaxy S II the Galaxy Tab 7. 7 The government regulation also help to protect the interests of society against frantic business behavior. For example, Samsung had been accu sed byChina Labor Watchof countenancing illegal and even inhumane conditions at its factories in China, and the group noted that the workers overtime at the facilities could reach or often times exceed 100 hours a month. Under current Chinese law, overtime is limited to 36 hours a month. after that, Samsung quickly moved to address the problem also further suggests that Samsung is taking this very seriously.

Character Developement

Major characters exponentially develop mentally and morally by interacting with minor characters, society, and applying the themes of the story to their lives. In harpist Lees novel To Kill A Mockingbird the reader bathroom reassure the protagonist of the story, discoverer Finch, mature from her child like mentality and thoughts to become a strong feminine character with high morals. This is achieved through the characters and situations in her life that influence her to pick up reality, past her childhood mirage, for what it really is.The roles of people such as Attics Finch, and other minor harassers, greatly influences how she views the topics of racism, prejudice, and stereotypes. Attics character embodies the word humanity for his actions towards changing the stereotypes and prejudice of the Macomb Community atomic number 18 inspiring and motivational. Macomb is evidently a conjunction that cannot affirm differences and discriminate people based on their appearances. The ir hostility towards the Negroes shows the reader and the protagonist how racism can affect and change ones life.As the story progresses one can see the struggles and obstacles the protagonist faces when dealing with racism, from trying to protect her family name ND reputation, to protecting loved ones from judgmental people. Such situations and incidents cause the protagonist to be forced to see how one has to recognize the validity and value of lives contrasted hers. To begin with, Scouts father Attics Finch plays a major role in her moral development as a person due to his paternal relationship and influence on her.This can be seen through his parenting s bulges and techniques that help Scout be more than open-minded unlike the other residents of Macomb County. For instance, when Scout says Our battles were epic and always one sided. atomic number 20 always won, mainly because Attics always took her side (Lee 6). This quote not only proves that Attics apathy towards Scaloppin is stimulate reinforces their relationship, but It additionally fortifies the fact that scout learns that exsanguinous and colored people are equals and no different from each other.In addition, Attics exemplary actions towards different circumstances in his life greatly impact how Scout views her own life and societies false preachings on equality. Referring to the Tom Robinson case Scout questions Attics on why he is reason a Negro in court and he responds y saying If I didnt I couldnt hold up my head in town, I couldnt range this county in the legislature, I couldnt even tell you or gem not to do something again (Lee 75).Although he acknowledges the fact that his family and him will be judged and ridiculed by his community for taking the case, he moves forward with the case because Its consciously the moral thing to do. Attics optimistic mind-set and ability to see the good qualities of the situation encourages Scout to be more forgiving and understanding of the negative at mosphere In the Macomb society. Pursue what she believes in no matter what the consequences are. Attics later on tells Scout to never kill a mockingbird (Lee 273) the term is used as a metaphor to symbolize how you should never taint or kill the innocence of a person.The mockingbird refers to characters such as Tom Robinson and Arthur Boo Raddled, mockingbirds whose purity and innocence are polluted by racism, stereotypes, and rumors and are progressively killed. Scout learns that her perspective of life as being black and white are erroneous and that in certain situations, some things are best left unsaid, referring to ones opinions on people based on their appearance. Furthermore, minor characters found throughout the novel teach and help develop Scouts knowledge on good versus evil. MrsDoubles commentary towards the children shows Scout how ignorance breeds ignorance. This is shown when Mrs Dubos holds up Gem and Scout and says Not only a Finch waiting on tables but one in the courthouse laming for naggers (Lee 101). This quote characterizes Mrs Dubos as someone who strongly believes that colored people are not equal individuals and dont deserve to have the same rights and privileges such as lawyers like white people. Her age and how she was raised and taught to believe that white and lorded people were two very different and separate races can explain her beliefs.Scout acknowledges the fact that even though characters such as Mrs Dubos and Mr Lowell are considered to be adults, they behave like sensual children who have not been scolded, corrected, or taught better by their parents. For instance at the court Scout observes the fact that the Negroes having waited for the white people to go upstairs to the balcony first, begeted to go up (Lee 173). This shows the reader the small gestures that the white people do, such as allowing the Negroes to sit down after them causes tension and distress in the society.Such gestures can be translated as downgradin g the colored people and treating them as though they were insignificant and a burden to the community. Despite the example set by the white people, Scout and Gem go up and sit down with the black people instead, indirectly challenging the Macomb society and setting their own examples. The actions of one person can start a chain reaction of change, a lesson that helps shape Scouts independence and confidence in herself. She uses this newfound confidence in herself to express what she thinks and feels about stereotypes and racism, to advertise her beliefs and tug them to others around her.Similarly, the Macomb Countys community is filled with hate, racism, stereotypes, and prejudice, factors that help Scout see how this shouldnt blind ones perception on people. Scout sees how stereotypes can be altered and obscured from the truth. This is seen when she goes with Gem and California to the colored church where she sees that Negroes worshipped on Sunday while white men gambled (Lee 11 8). The assumption in the novel is that white people are more religious then colored people but Scout sees how this statement is false.She also sees that even though the Negroes dont have as much as the white churches or have the same materials such as songbooks, etc. They pray the same if not more then the white churches. Scout learns how stereotypes are fictional and misleading, generalizations groups held in a manner that renders them largely, though not entirely, immune to counterproductive and how you shouldnt assume things about people. Then there is the prejudicial Judgment caused by the ethnicity. This is prove when Scout says, Judge Taylor, who had been concentrating on his fingernails, looked up (Lee 167).This not only shows that the Judge has already come to the conclusion that Tom Robinson did in fact rape the female child but it also shows that he doesnt care or find it necessary for Attics to defend him since his verdict has already been made. She learns to never J udge by appearances because they really can be far from the truth. Due to this incident Tom also teaches Scout how she should keep a clear mind and never doubt oneself when others doubt you during ones darkest points in life because as long as you believe in oneself you will be able to overcome all obstacles in

Nix V. Williams

Case CitationNix v. Williams 467 U. S. 431 (1984) Facts In 1968, 10 year old Pamela Powers was abducted and murdered outside of the YMCA in Des Moines, Iowa. A young boy claimed to have seen Williams, outside the YMCA carrying a bundle wrapped in a blanket with two white legs intermission out. The following day Williams, car was spotted approximately 160 miles outside of Des Moines. Additionally, several of the young girls clothing items were found. Along with Williams and with the blanket as exposit by the witness.Based upon these findings, a warrant was issued for Williams arrest. While a search was under way, Williams surrendered to the Davenport police, and obtained counsel. Des Moines police advised Williams counsel that they would not question him while transporting him plump for to Des Moines. However during transport, one of the officers began a conversation with Williams, and urged him to tell them where the body was located, so she could have a proper Christian burial . Williams conceded, and directed them to the girls body, which was over two miles from the closest search team. Procedural History Williams filed a motion to suppress the attest of the body, because it was obtained as fruit of an unlawful interrogation. The court denied this motion, and Williams was after convicted by a jury of first degree murder. The exam court denied the motion, and a jury convicted Williams of first-degree murder.Williamss state appeal was affirmed by The Iowa haughty Court. Williams then petitioned the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa for a writ of habeas corpus, and the court reversed the conviction. The court held that the license should have been suppressed. During Williams second trial, the pursuit did not offer evidence of the interrogation however evidence was presented in regards to the condition of the victims body.The trial court allowed this evidence, and concluded that the prosecution had shown by a preponderance o f the evidence that the victims body would have been discovered without Williams help. Williams was again convicted by a second jury and sentenced to life in prison. Upon another appeal, the controlling Court of Iowa affirmed the conviction and the U. S. District Court denied habeas corpus relief. The U. S. Court of Appeals reversed the district courts denial of habeas corpus. The matter then came up before the compulsory Court in certiorari.Issue Should illegally obtained evidence become admissible in state court if it would have been ultimately discovered by lawful heart? Holding Yes. Evidence that is obtained through unlawful police top that would have been discovered inevitably during the course of an investigation does not have to be excluded from trial Reasoning Justice Burger wrote the decision of the Court, joined by Justice White, Justice Blackmun, Justice Powell, Justice Rehnquist and Justice OConnor, and reversed the decision of the appellant court. 1. The necessary D iscovery Rule If the prosecution is able to establish through a preponderance of evidence that the information ultimately would have been discovered lawfully, then the evidence should be allowed. It was inevitable that the body would have been found. If Williams had not led the police to the victims body, the search teams would have eventually discovered the body. The body was located only 2 and half miles away from where the nearest search team originally started looking. 2. ) Exclusion would not result in fairness.Evidence has demonstrated that at the eon of unconstitutional interrogation, a search was already in place for the victim, and the body would have inevitably been found. This means had there not be illegal conduct by the police officers, the fairness of the trial would have remained the same. 3. ) Absence of bad faith is not required The justices held that in order to establish the admissibility of evidence, the prosecution does not need to carry the burden of proving t he absence of bad faith to secure the evidenceConcurrence Justices White concurred with the holdings, but added that the police officers action was not unlawful or unconstitutional Justice Stevens, concurred with the holding, however advised that the police officers conduct was unconstitutional however because the body would have been discovered anyway the prosecution should be held harmless. Dissent Justices Brennan and Marshall both dissented stating that though the inevitable discovery doctrine is constitution, the prosecution had the burden of prove that the evidence would have been discovered if an ndependent investigation were allowed to be proceed. Comments This case resulted in the creation of the Inevitable Discovery Doctrine. However I believe that it undermines the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine, and enable law enforcement misconduct. The justices stated that the evidence supports that body would have been found with or without a confession. One might argue that a c orrectional officer can beat an inmate that is on death penalty to death, because he was going to be killed by the state anyway.

Sex Eduacation in School

Sex Education Sex gentility in the unite States has experienced serious changes over the past three decades. It all exited in 1981 the Reagan Administration, with federal funding promoting abstention-only-until-marriage to shake education programs. The support of this abstinence only until marriage idea has increased exponentially since 1996. Although this approach chew the fatn to be beneficial to some(prenominal) in the sense at rates of teen maternal quality would decrease. Many others see the prohibitive nature of this approach to be controversial.The public also show the need for conjure education programs to include not only abstinence but also to include communicateation about contraceptives as well. This excessive priority on promoting only one sex-education method seems to be at odds with what the richly mass of adults and teenagers think is more(prenominal) important. For example in a the national surveil published in 2007, out of 1000 adults and 100 teenagers o rganized by the National stir to Prevent teen and ignorant maternal quality.In the survey it was acknowledged that even though most of adults (93%) and teens (90%) believe that providing puppylike teens with information about abstinence is an important message to give out. In the homogeneous survey more than the half of adults (73%) and teens (56%) also believed that the young people need way more information about abstinence and contraception than what they be given up today, rather than either/or. These results of having teens comprehend sex education atomic number 18 more consistent with the previous survey conducted such as programs that rather only promote abstinence-only-until-marriage.More surveys have shows the promoting abstinence only has become more otiose. The medical journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine in 2005 to 2006 performed a surveys resulting with overwhelming support of 83% for a door-to-door approach and with only 36% supporting only abstinence education. In the January and February 2007 electric receptacle of Public health Reports announced that premarital sex is not out of the ordinary as many an(prenominal) would think it is.According to the reports by the age 20, 77% of applicants have had sex, 75% have had premarital sex, and 12% had matrimonial by the age 44, 95% of the applicants have had premarital sex. After these results, many people argue that abstinence-only-until-marriage programs be neither practical nor realistic now days. Randy Elder a task force genus Phallus of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in November 2009 Washington Post binds stating that There is decent evidence that all-embracing risk reduction efforts are effective. He further explains As regards abstinence education, aft(prenominal) a similar look the task force determined that based on a total of problems with the studies presented to them there was insufficient evidence to determine their effec tiveness. Author Kat long informs in her March 2008 expression for the Gay Gender issues Web site called Abstinence Teaching Ignores LSBTs. In her article it reads There rules suggest that lesbian, gay, biintimate or transgender students will not fit into the expected standards of human sexual urge.They also infer same-sex relationships are less meaningful and legitimate than opposite-sex ones and whitethorn cause harmful effects. Also according to analysis by the Washington University law Review in an article titled Abstinence-only Education Fails African American youth. This article states that Black adolescents higher rates of sexual activity couple with evidence of their fundamentally diverse attitudes towards sex relative to Whites adolescents suggest that abstinence-only sex education is bound to be ineffective among Black youth. close to policies changes that are about to happen be professorship Obama appears to be ready to sign into law the 2010 motorcoach Appropri ations Bill passed by the Congress in December 2009. This would be the first time since 1981 that abstinence-only-until-marriage sex education programs will not be receive any funding. round of the abstinence programs would be replaced by comprehensive programs that target to reduce the number of teen pregnancy. This policy started in 2010. In the study by Margaret J. Blythe is a professor of pediatrics at University School of Medicine and chair for the Committee on Adolescence, American honorary society of Pediatrics.It states that Comprehensive sexuality education emphasizes abstinence as the best option for adolescents, but also provides age-appropriate, medically consummate discussion and information for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. People against comprehensive sexuality education dont understand that when this program also emphasized abstinence while dummy up offering age-appropriate instruction to prevent sexually transmitte d diseases (STDs) and to prevent unwanted pregnancies for teens who are having ex. With programs such as abstinence only have turn out to delay sexual intercourse and also refuse to inform the youth about condoms and safe sex. Without this information it leaves the young people less prepared to protect themselves. In fact, not only is abstinence-only programs ineffective but it also can cause harm to the young that may practice it. Abstinence-only provides incomplete and inaccurate information and resulting in participants failure to use safer sex practices once they start have intercourse.In a national study, sexual health risks of adolescents who received abstinence-only education and those who received comprehensive sex education to those who received none. Teenagers who were reported having received comprehensive sex education programs before coming sucker to any sexual intercourse were extremely less likely to report a teenage pregnancy compared to other teenagers that receiv ed no sexual education and while there were no effect of abstinence-only education. Some of the problems with abstinence-only education would be schools failure to help students understand and embrace their sexuality.This has become a problem to special for kids for color, who represent a big majority in many public schools around the country. Too many of the colored young teens are left-hand(a) to sort through this confusing times and are left with little or even no guidance. Blacks and Latinos account for 83% of teen HIV infections. Black girls are more than four times likely to get gonorrhea as their peers. Also a chronic bacterial disease known as syphilis has increased greatly among the Black teenage boys and easily starting to increase among the Latino boys.In late 2006, the federal health monitors announced that teenage pregnancy went up for the first time that year since 15 years. Teenage pregnancies were more common among Black and Native American teenage girls. Since 1 997 the federal government had invested more than $1. 5 billion dollars in abstinence-only programs, which were proven to be ineffective programs in which blocked and excluded information that could help young people to protect their own health. But the President Barack Obama administrations proposed budgets for Fiscal Year 2010 (FY10) to remove funding for abstinence-only programs.Instead to create funding for programs that have been proven to be effective at reduce teen pregnancy, delaying sexual activity, or increasing contraceptive use. non surprisingly, the only program that they found to work was comprehensive sex education programs. Researcher Douglas Kirby for the National Campaign to End Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy examined studies of prevention programs. Two-thirds of the 48 comprehensive sex ed programs studies had peremptory effects. * 40 percent delayed sexual origination, reduced the number of sexual partners, or increased condoms or contraceptives use. 30 percent reduced the frequency of sex, including a return to abstinence. * 60 percent reduced insecure sex. After many research done to determine whether abstinence-only or comprehensive sex education is get around for the young teens. It has clearly showed that comprehensive sex education does not encourage teens to start having sexual intercourse, does not increase the frequency with teens have intercourse, and does not increase the number of teenage sexual partners. At the same time, surveys and evaluations have shown repeatedly no positive changes in sexual behaviors over time when it comes to abstinence-only programs.Even though comprehensive sex education is very beneficial to teenagers it is very important that students take responsibility for their sexual health. Caitlin Myers from southern Methodist University (SMU) class of 2009, involved with the colleges newspapers. As a contributing writer to the Daily Campus, wrote an article named Sexual Health which emphasizes that all stu dents meaning male and female should have to take responsibility for their sexual behavior. Overall the only strategy that would work most effectively is comprehensive sex education.Children and adolescents need accurate and comprehensive education about sexuality not only to practice healthy sexual behaviors as adults but also to avoid early risky sexual activity that may lead to health problems. Comprehensive sexuality education is an effective strategy for helping young people delay initiation of sexual intercourse. In several published and well evaluated studies is has shown that sex education is a better prize rather than abstinence-only-until-marriage. Work Cited Children take on the Right to Comprehensive Sex Education by Barbara Miner. Do Children Have Rights? Christine Watkins, Ed.At Issue Series. Greenhaven Press, 2011. Barbara Miner, Were Here. Were Sexual. Get Used to It, Colorlines, May-June 2008. Comprehensive Sex Education Is Effective by Margaret J. Blythe. Sexuall y genic Diseases. Roman Espejo, Ed. Opposing Viewpoints Series. Greenhaven Press, 2011. Margaret J. Blythe, Testimony of Margaret J. Blythe, MD, FAAP, FSAM, on Behalf of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Before the Committee on wariness and Government Reform, United States House of Representatives, April 23, 2008. Comprehensive Sex Education Reduces Teen Pregnancy by Advocates for Youth.Teen Pregnancy and Parenting. Lisa Krueger, Ed. Current Controversies Series. Greenhaven Press, 2011. Advocates for Youth, adapted from Comprehensive Sex Education Research and Results, September 2009. www. advocatesforyouth. org. Sex Education. Current Issues Macmillian well-disposed Science Library. Detroit Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. Students Need to Take Responsibility for Their Sexual Health by Caitlin Myers. Student Life. Karen Miller, Ed. Opposing Viewpoints Series. Greenhaven Press, 2011. Caitlin Myers, Sex, STIs and Responsibility, Daily Campus, April 16, 2008.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay

Though Blanche, from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, thinks that opposites attract and thus that she will marry Rochester, Bronte has different ideas about foils. Near the end of the novel Jane marries Rochester effectively quieting Blanches ideas. However, Bronte does use foils in the novel for a different reason. She uses characters will opposite personalities to endanger much about them, and to keep the lector from overlooking some(prenominal) of the major characters traits. For instance, without Blanche, who is a foil of Jane, one may conduct thought Jane a simple and plain governess and nothing more.Similarly, without St. tooshie the reader could have lost Rochesters passionate side, or with no Mrs. Reed how supportive Miss tabernacle really is. utilise foils, Bronte reveals more about the personalities of the major characters, and keeps the reader from overlooking numerous traits. One can see that Jane and Blanche be opposites from before they even meet. While Jane is rather plain and unattractive on the outside, Blanche is described as lovely with, the noble bust, the sloping shoulders, the graceful neck, the dark eyes and black ringlets (183) Even Jane cannot deny that Blanche is beautiful.In addition, Blanche grows up in a rich noble family while Jane is an orphan who was sent to a lowly embarkation school. The opposites do not stop at their looks and backgrounds, for even Jane and Blanches personalities atomic number 18 completely different. Jane is an independent, passionate, and respectful infantile woman, although she often seems in truth practical and rational. Blanche flaunts herself, gossips, talks about marriage, and can be truly(prenominal) rude as shown when she says she (Jane) looks too stupid for any game of the sort (194). While Jane was in the inhabit, Blanche speaks loudly and rudely of her without a second thought.In addition, Blanche only wants Rochester as her husband for his money, and for the title of a wife. She l ikes the fact that he is not handsome because as a result, she will receive all of the attention. Jane loves Rochester for his personality, and thinks to herself, gratitude and many associations, all pleasurable and genial, make his face the object I best liked to see his presence in a manner was more cheering than the brightest fire (155). Jane does not mind his physical features because she finds him interesting, caring, and the fact that he makes her happy.As foils, Blanche elicits Janes noble characteristics, while at the same time making Jane seem more interesting. Instead of beholding a simple governess, the reader realizes Janes passion and interesting qualities. Blanches outer beauty in addition helps the reader see the beauty within Jane though her physique is plain. In the novel, St. John brings out many characteristics in Rochester. They seem to be the two sides of Jane, her practical and rational side versus her passionate and emotional side. St. John seems to be powe rful and d kindleous.Jane feels he wants to marry her because it would be practical, and as he says goodbye to her she notes that his look was not, indeed, that of a lover beholding his mistress, but it was that of a pastor recalling his wandering sheep (454-455). St. John does not love Jane, and he does not try to act so. Unlike Rochester he lacks passion. In contrast to St. John, Rochester really loves Jane and expresses himself when she talks of leaving, my belatedly love, my wild woe, my frantic prayer, all are nothing to you? You leave me here in anguish (344).The atrocious intensity of Rochesters words shows just how much he really loves Jane. In addition, St. John is very self-denying. He takes and feels what he thinks the Lord would want to him to take or feel. He does not want to shit love to anyone except his God. Rochester is much different as he succumbs to temptation and love. He has many early(a) personality traits as well, although some are not originally apparent . After Jane saves Rochester from the fire in his room Rochester says, If you are not warm enough, you may take my cloak (159).Rochester can to a fault by very caring and thoughtful, although these traits are much less obvious. They are made clearer through contrast to St. John who lacks empathy and is very harsh and cold. These foils also help the reader understand more about Jane. After being courted by both of them, she chooses Rochester. This symbolizes her choice of emotion and passion over principles and rationality. A less obvious pair of characters who are foils as well is Miss Temple and Mrs. Reed. Not only are they opposites of each other, but they also bring out different sides of Jane herself.When around the uncaring and rude Mrs. Reed, Jane feels angry and suppressed. She finally lets out her anger in a memorable scene after she learns she is going to school, If anyone asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick, and that you treated me with miserable cruelty (34). Because Mrs. Reed, is mean herself, she brings out the full-grown side of Jane. Miss Temple brings out a much different personality in Jane. nearly Miss Temple, Jane is calm and more caring as a result of Miss Temples influence.Mrs.Reed was a hateful and unforgiving person as shown when talking to Jane on her dying bed, she (Jane) did not die but I said she didI wish she had died (249). Even as she dies, Mrs. Reed hates Jane, although Jane did not do anything wrong. Miss Temple believes in forgiveness, and she even helps Jane clear her tarnished reputation. Miss Temple teaches Jane about flavour as well as schoolwork and is very generous. Mrs. Reed, a horrible mother figure for Jane, helps the reader realize that Miss Temple is more of a inspiration and maternal figure than at head start apparent.After Miss Temple marries and Jane becomes unhappy, Jane has a realization as a result of Miss Temples motherly influence, I remembere d that the real world was wide, and that a varied field of hopes and fears awaited those to who had the bravery to go forth (87). Instead of just being a schoolteacher, Miss Temple helps Jane through her flavor unlike Mrs. Reed who was supposed to treat Jane as her own child. In Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, the author uses many foils to highlight certain traits in the major characters.She also uses the opposites to help one see personality traits that are not as obvious to the reader. Without these foils, many characters would have seemed different and less interesting. Without Mrs. Reed, Miss Temple would have just seemed like a nice schoolteacher. If St. John had been missing, Rochester would not have seemed very nice or caring at all. Finally, without Blanche, Jane would have seemed much less interesting, and her noble characteristics would have been diminished. The opposites are used to reveal more about the major characters, and to keep the reader from overlooking important personality traits.

An Independent Teenager

As an independent teenager, I would say that I tail do anything I want. I can precede living ordinarily without any disturbance and obstacle. entirely there are certain things that I cant live without it. In the a nonher(prenominal) word, my daylight will be ruined and fidget if I lost or missed the thing.One type of the thing I cant live without is my Nikon D90. It is a Digital SLR photographic camera. The camera brings me a skunk of memories and sentimental value. I bought it by myself apply my very accept money and effort. It cost me around RM8,000 excluding the other accessories. The lens only cost me around RM5,000.What make this camera to be part of my life not just because it is very expensive, but I used the camera to gain extra profit each weekend. I am a part time photographer, so the camera was my primary gadgets to shoot pictures. normally every weekend I was paid to become a get hitched with photographer. If there is no wedding on the weekend, Ill go for an ou ting with my camera. Anywhere I go, I will bring on my camera including to the toilet and in the examination hall.. I rather walk alone with my camera than my own girlfriend. But that doesnt disturb our relationship because she really understands my interest & hobby. What makes the camera very special for me because I felt that I have a talent on capturing pictures. It suits me very well.The other thing that I cant live without is my laptop. This laptop was given to me by my father as a endow of my 19th birthday. This is my first laptop, and Im still using it until now. This laptop helps me a lot. One of the object of this laptop is for doing my assignment given by lecturers. Before my dad gives me the laptop, I was forced to go to the cybercaf outgo some money to do my assignment. Now, I can do my assignment in my house.Other than doing assignments, I use the laptop for editing. The wedding pictures that I took on the weekend will be edited using my laptop before go for printin g. This can be the prove that my laptop was fully used for central purpose, not for streaming and chatting via facebook.Both things were my precious life. I cant live without my Digital SLR camera & my laptop. If one of them were missing, my life can be ruined and I might be crazy or dead

Case Study About Ebola Essay

Throughout this world over the course of centuries, there were many deadly maladys and plagues that killed plurality or killed an entire population. From the black plague to chickenpox, malady exhaust a huge impact on the population and countries as a whole. Just recently, the virus, Ebola, has made its stylus through countries across the world and shake off killed many good deal. around state do not know what exactly Ebola is or how it kills people, but people need to discover the importance of the disease and how we as people atomic number 18 preventing it. Ebola is a hemorrhagic virus, get out of the virus family called Filoviridae, that consists of 5 other Ebola diseases. Ebola started in the Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo with an taintious individual. The infected person then spread the virus to thousands of people which lead to between 1,552 to 1,716 cases of Ebola. What causes this virus among many people are blood on a human as well as bodily flu ids of infected or sick animals. Once these fluids are in or affect the human body, the virus Ebola will infect the whole body of an individual. The symptoms of the virus Ebola are active two to three weeks after contracting the virus. Some common symptoms of Ebola are a very high fever, sore throat, muscle pain, as well as a headache.The high fever weakens the body to perform at an all time low and it is intemperate for the patient to move around or communicate. After the basic symptoms occur, more complex and harsher conditions come on to the patient. The patient would soon feel very sick and begin to vomit, go bad a harsh rash, and develop a lot of very painful diarrhea. whizz scientist on the virus Ebola describes the virus Ebola then turns the insides of its troops into jelly you begin to vomit black junk which is basically your dissolved liver and internal organs.. though we live in a modern technological and medical world, there is no treatment to be nominate to fully cu re an infected human being. Some people in the world have not fully treated the disease by tried abnormal treatments. People infected my go on oral rehydration therapy (salty/sweet water diet) or drink intravenous fluids. The virus is so deadly, that its kills well 50 to 90 percent of its patients infected with the virus. Because there is no treatment, there are only way to prevent the disease from starting or spreading.The way the disease rump not spread or develop is by checking animals (origin of disease) for infections or making sure not fluids make contact with human skin. on with checking animals,humans need to wear protective gear to check, kill, and correctly dispose of the animal or people with Ebola. Many believe a quarantine has done a good job to separate the virus from virus-free people. Some people in the Congo believe that just washing the hands may prevent the virus from attacking a human. Although countries have come a long way in preventing the disease, the dise ase had made it was closer to other countries and has found a way into the United States. There have been a handful of United States citizens who have been affected but have been cured. One case has been found in Texas when a man has not realized he was infected until three weeks later. Because Ebola is a harsh, ontogenesis disease across the country and is growing concern, the United States and other countys organizations have come to skin the disease. Before the virus, Ebola, has spread into the United States and friendly countries, the United States stepped up to fight the deadly disease.The current president, Barack Obama, has interpreted a huge to step to support fight the disease while other foreign problems, corresponding Isis or Syria, has started over the last couple of months. Some ways the United States has been involved in fighting the disease is by sending in thousands of soldiers. By sending in soldiers, the virus Ebola can be obtained more easily and create less o f the spread. Also, the United States has also planned and announced the 22 million dollar project to create hospitals to station and help patients fight Ebola. This hospital will contain carbon beds and 500 health care providers per week. What other countries, international aid organizations, and the UN have done to fight the disease is provide health care systems. Although the health care systems are to help the patients, the systems failed miserably and collapsed under the nervous strain of the virus, Ebola. Also, other countries like Britain, have send more than 40 troops and humanitarian staff members to help cure and construct hospitals to fight the disease.At last, how do we develop health care infrastructures? One main position of creating health care infrastructures will focus on the people in poverty and circumstances them become distant from the disease. If we can eliminate the poverty community from Ebola, we can decrease the spread of it. At last, what we as people need to do is to donate or help out the system in which would put a huge dent and impact into cures and preventions for viruses such as Ebola. Although the disease is deadly, two principles can be applied to the deadly disease called Ebola.Two principles that apply to the virus Ebola are human self-regard and common good. Human dignity is something that can be taken away. One thing that can be taken away from Ebola patients is assisted or mandatory death. Common Good is for the benefit and interest of all. One action that benefits and interests all is to find a cure for the disease. In conclusion about Ebola, the rise of Ebola has started in our country and we need a way to find to cure Ebola around the world.

Financial Analysis of AB InBev

The Anheuser-Busch InBev Company (AB InBev) was established passim the years through mergers and acquisitions. AB InBev is the largest brewery in Jupille, Belgium. They operate in North America, Latin America, second America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Due to political upheavals in Germany and Bohemia in 1848, many German immigrants colonized in St. Louis, Missouri (Anheuser-Busch, 2011). Eberhard Anheuser was a trained soap maker and became part owner of the Bavarian Brewery. By 1860, he bought the investors shares and the brewery name was changed to E. Anheuser & Co. Adolphus Busch married Lilly Anheuser, Eberhards daughter and later Adolphus purchased half ownership of Anheusers brewery, fitting a partner (Anheuser-Busch, 2011). Due to Buschs innovations, the brewery became the first to use pasteurization, allowing the beer to be shipped long distances without spoiling. By the earlier 1880s, the brewer introduced artificial refrigeration, rail-side icehouses, and refrigerated r ailcars. These innovations allowed the union to grow and distri exclusivelye their beer across the country.To market the beers Busch apply tralatitious selling methods however, Buschs methods were more organized and deliberate than his competitors. Busch pioneered the use of giveaways and premiums, and used his brewery as a showplace for the popular to visit (Anheuser-Busch, 2011). The brewery guild was renamed Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association in 1879 to recognize Adolphus efforts. The association became one of the nations leading breweries in 1901 when it broke the one one thousand thousand barrels of beer gross revenue mark (Anheuser-Busch, 2011).Over the years, the familiarity grew through acquisitions and mergers and became AB InBev. In 1989, a group of investors purchased Brahma, the number two beer in Brazil. In 1999, the strike off took over the number one spot and was combined with its chief competitor to form AmBev. AmBev expanded throughout South America and beca me the third-largest brewer in the world. In cc4, Interbrew, the European beer company, acquired a majority stake in AmBev, which created InBev. In 2008, InBev purchased Anheuser-Busch resulting in the new company AB InBev (Allen & Zook, 2012).Anheuser-Busch (AB InBev) The publicly traded company (Euronext ABI) is based in Leuven, Belgium with Ameri squeeze out Depositary Receipts on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE BUD) (Anheuser-Busch InBev AB InBev, 2011) and is not only the leading global brewer, but is one of the worlds top five consumer product companies. AB InBevs portfolio contains over 200 brands of beer with fourteen brands that generate over $1 billion per year in revenue. The brewer invests in their great growth potential brands such as Budweiser with 45% of sales originating in North America.The company owns 50 percent equity pertain in Mexicos leading brewer and owner of the Corona brand, the foot soldier Grupo Modelo. With their approximate 116,000 employees base d in twenty-three countries worldwide, AB InBev is geographically diversified, along with a proportionatenessd scene to developing and developed markets, the company has a completive edge. AB InBev is a multinational beverage company and is the largest brewer, with about 25 percent global market share. They are the third largest FMCG company by firm place (AB InBev, 2011).AB InBev was chosen for a fiscal analysis due to its longevity and innovated ideas and marketing. It is hoped that AB InBevs financial records will show that their innovated methods will show a continuous financial growth. The Annual Report For this analysis, AB InBevs 2011 annual report is used and it compares 2010 and 2011. The audit was performed by Pricewaterhouse Coopers. The report is in megs and AB InBev byword a $2,197m in profit gain from 2010 to 2011 and a $1,114m in capital flow from operating activities in the beginning changes in working capital and use of provision.The change in working capit al was $1,183m resulting in an append of $2,581m of silver flow from operating activities. There was a negative improver in the investiture and financial backing activities, $185m and $2,239m respectively. In 2010, AB InBev had a mesh topology increase in interchange and property equivalents of $602m and $759m in 2011. Overall, in 2011 AB InBev realized $39 billion revenue (AB InBev, 2011). The Balance Sheet When assessing the financial report, it may be difficult to see positive revenue. In revise to understand, one must know how interpret the financial asseveration as a whole.The balance sheet provides information about AB InBevs as sites, liabilities, and shareowners equity. Assets are things that a company understructure sell or use. These items include physical property, inventory, equipment, etcetera Intangibles are also assets things that cannot be touched, but nevertheless have value, i. e. patents and trademarks, investments the company makes. And of course c ash in is the main(prenominal) asset. Liabilities are beats that the company owes to others. These fares can include a loan secured to launch a new product, convey for use of a factory, or notes owed to a supplier, etc.Liabilities also include future obligations, i. e. goods or services promised to be provided in the future. Shareholder equity (or capital or crystallize worth) is the money that would be left if a company sold all of its assets and paid off all their liabilities. Any money left over belongs to the owners (or shareholders) of the company. The balance sheets equation is Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders equity (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). The balance sheet is set up with the assets listed and tallied on the left side, while liabilities and shareholders equity on the right.The assets are usually listed in order of how quickly they can be converted into real cash. Current assets are things that the company plans to convert to cash inside one year, i. e. in ventory. Noncurrent assets are things that are expected to be converted to cash long-acting than a year. Noncurrent assets include fixed assets (not available for sale, i. e. office furniture). Liabilities are usually listed according to their due dates. Liabilities are either current or semipermanent. Current liabilities are debts that the company expects to pay off within a year on the other hand, long-term liabilities are due in more than a year.Shareholders equity (SE) is the get along invested by the owners. SE is calculated by subtracting the companys earnings or losses from the owners investment in the companys stock (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). In assessing AB InBevs balance sheet for 2011, the company had $39,046 million in revenues, a 4. 6% increase, and a earn profit of $22,412 million. It is stated in the annual report that a selective price increase was interpreted in the last quarter in anticipation of higher(prenominal) commodity approachs. Cost of Sales (C oS) change magnitude by 1. 6%.This increase was due according to AB InBev in part to lower aluminium can costs in Latin America and procurement nest egg and implementation of their best habituate programs in North America. The total operating expenses increase by 3. 7%. This was partly due to diffusion expenses increasing by 9. 2%. Brazil had higher transportation costs, while Latin America South saw higher labor costs and higher transport tariffs in Ukraine and Russia. Sales and marketing expenses increased by 4. 1% because, specifically in North America, more investments in brand offset savings in non-working money. Administrative expenses increased by 0. % due to fixed cost savings in the fall in States offset by salary increases and expansion costs in mainland China and Brazil. Other operating income was $694 million compared to $64 million in 2010 mainly because of tax incentives in China and Brazil (AB InBev, 2011). The Income Statement An income bid shows how much rev enue a company take in and the costs associated with earning verbalize revenue. The stooge line of an income relation normally shows the companys gelt losses or earning. This statement tells how much the company has make or disconnected over the accounting period, usually for a year or a component thereof.Income statements reports earnings per share (EPS). (To calculate EPS, the total net income is dual-lane by the number of outstanding shares of the company). An income statement also shows how much shareholders would receive if the company distributed all of the net earnings for the accounting period however, most companies reinvest their earnings (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). Income statements begin with the total amount of revenue made during an accounting period and hence descend certain costs and operating expenses associated with earning said revenue. The bottom line tells how much the ompany earned or lost during the period. The beginning is the gross revenue ( or sales). The next line is the amount the company does not expect to cumulate (referred to as allowances), i. e. discounts, or returns. After deducting these allowances from the gross revenues (or sales), the result is net revenues. The next lines are operating expenses. Although these expenses can be listed in various order, the line after(prenominal) net revenues is usually costs of sales. Costs of sales is the amount the company has spent producing the goods or services sold during the accounting period.Subtracting cost of sales from net revenues gives a subtotal of gross profit (also known as gross moulding) (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). The operating expenses are listed next on the income statement. These expenses support a companys operations, i. e. salaries, marketing, etc. Because operating expenses cannot be linked to the production of products or services being sold, they are different from costs of sales (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). Depreciation is also d educted. Depreciation is the amount of wear and tear on assets (machinery, tools, etc. ) that are used over long term.This amount is blossom forth over the periods they are used and is called depreciation or amortization. After this deduction from the gross profit, the income from operations is arrived. This amount is before interest and income tax expenses (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). The next section allows companies to account for interest income and interest expense. Interest income is earned from interest-bearing savings accounts, money market funds, etc. Interest expenses are monies paid in interest on loans, etc. Some companies show these separately and some combine the two.The income and expenses are totaled and then deducted from the operating profit to arrive at operating profit before income tax (EBIT). Finally, income tax is subtracted and the bottom line of net profit or net loss (also known as net income, net earnings, or net operating income) is calculated (Ga rrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). On AB InBevs income statement, sales are the uniform as on the balance sheet. (AB InBev, 2011). In North America, EBITDA increased 1. 5%, $6. 573 million with a margin expansion increase up to 42. 9%, driven by growth in overhead cost reductions and gross profit.In the combined statement (the gathering of all AB InBevs companies), the EBIT for 2011 is $12,607 million and an EBITDA of $15,357 million (AB InBev, 2011). Cash Flow Statements While a balance sheet is a snapshot and the income statement shows if the company made a profit or lost money, a cash flow statement shows if the company generated cash. Cash flow statements shows the inflow and outflows of the companys cash. This statement is very important because it proves that the company has generous money to pay expenses, purchase assets, and stay competitively profitable.Whereas other financial statements shows an absolute dollar amount at a particular time, a cash flow statement show change s during the accounting period. The cash flow statement uses the information from both balance sheet and income statement. Cash flow statements are divided into three major sections operating activities, investing activities, and financial backing activities. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). AB InBevs financial report consolidates the activities, followed by a breakdown of the activities including explanations.Operating activities rose from $9,905million to $12,486 million investing activities increased from a negative $2,546m in 2010 to negative $2,731m in 2011 and financing activities rose from $6,757m to $8,996m in 2011. However, the net increase in cash and cash equivalents increased from $602m to $759m (AB InBev, 2011). Operating activities. The first section of a cash flow statement analyzes inflow from net income or loses. This section usually reconciles the net income (taken from the income statement) to the actual cash the company received from and used in its operating activities.This process adjusts net income for any non-cash items, i. e. adding depreciation expenses back, and for any cash that was a source or a use provided by other operating assets and liabilities (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). AB InBevs financial report of cash flows shows an increase in operating activities. This increase is due to a higher profit and strong contribution from changes in the working capital. The increase in working capital is the result of on-going trade initiatives furthermore, there is an increase in trade payables that are linked to higher capital expenditures.These expenditures have longer payment harm (AB InBev, 2011). Investing activities. Investing activities shows the inflow from all investing activities. These activities usually include purchases or sales of long-term assets, i. e. property, plant, and equipment (PPE) as well as investment securities. If a company buys machinery, this activity would be listed as a cash outflow because cash wa s used. However, if the company sold some investments from their portfolio the proceeds would be an inflow from investing activities because it is a source of cash (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010).AB InBevs investing activities were $2,731m in 2011, compared to 2010 which was $2,546m. This increase is by higher capital expenditures mainly in Brazil and China. To partially offset this increase, the company sold short-term debt securities. The company invested in 2010 to facilitate liquidity and capital preservation in Brazil. Net capital expenditures were $3,256m in 2011 and $2,123 in 2010. This increase is primarily linked to investments for expansion in China and Brazil in order to image demands in the growing market.Approximately 57% was used to improve production facilities while 33% was used for logistics and commercial investments. Ten percent was used for purchase of hardware and software and improving administration (AB InBev, 2011). funding activities. The last section i s financing activities. This part of the cash flow statement shows the typical sources of inflow, including cash brocaded by selling stocks or bonds and scoop uping funds from a bank (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010). Cash inflow from financing activities was $8,996m in 2011, compared to 2010s $6,757m.The 2011 amount reflects higher dividend payouts, net repayments, and settlements of derivatives that were not part of a hedge. AB InBev could borrow enough to meet its liquidity needs the companys policy is to rely on cash flows from operating activities to fund its continuing operations (AB InBev, 2011). Analysis of AB InBevs Financials According to the 2011 annual report, Anheuser-Busch InBev saw a year of solid performance and progress. AB InBev experienced growth, expanded their EBITDA margin, grew EPS, and made strides in de-leveraging the balance sheet.AB InBev experienced a strong growth from their three well-known global brands Budweiser, Stella Artois, and Becks. These bran ds were up by 3. 1%. Stella Artois volumes increased by 5. 9%, with a 24% surge in sales in the United States, 13% in Argentina, and 200% in Brazil. The company come ups to expand and grow in China and Brazil. The company raised its dividends to 1. 20 euros per share, a 50 % increase. These results were achieved despite weak consumer confidence in several(prenominal) markets and increases in commodity prices. Faced with adverse conditions, our people did what they do best.They took ownership of the situation, focused on what they can impact, and did not let short-term factors distract from our long-term goals of connecting with consumers, driving shareholder value, and working toward our dream to be the Best Beer Company in a Better World (AB InBev, 2011). The United States shows signs of an economic recovery. An increase in US profits are supported by the companys new NFL sponsorship. Felipe Dutra, AB InBevs CFO said the increase could also have something to do with the unseasonab ly mild weather (AB InBev, 2011). The newly launched Bud fall down Lime and Bud Light Platinum performed well.Dutra said We believe we have the right brands to exploit that opportunity, before, during and after the Olympic games. Budweiser has also extended sponsorship of the soccer World Cup through 2018. AB InBev will continue to rely heavily on their strategic brands (AB InBev, 2011). Conclusion A fundamental part of their culture is never being entirely satisfied with their results we always challenge ourselves to dream bigger and achieve more. . . (AB InBev, 2011). With continued global growth and expansion and early payoffs of debt, AB InBev will continue to see profits. The companys innovated persuasion will carry it into the millennium.ReferencesAllen, J., & Zook, C. (2012, May 4). The strategic principles of repeatability How nonnegotiable fuel growth. How can a company sustain profitable growth? brief. Retrieved fromhttp//www.bain.com/publications/articles/the-strategic- preincipels-of-repeatability.aspx Anheuser-Busch Dedication to our craft. (2011). http//anheuser-busch.com/index.php/our-heritage/history/ Anheuser-Busch InBev. (2011). ABInBev Annual Report 2011 Annual report. Brouwerijplein, Leuven AB InBev. Garrison, R. H., Noreen, E. W., & Brewer, P. C. (2010). Managerial Accounting (13th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.